Responsibility for Damaged Equipment
The general rule followed by companies is that if the equipment is damaged while in the custody of the employee, the employee is responsible for the loss. No loss is attributed to the employee if the damage is due to an unaccounted accident that was beyond the employee's control or where they have taken normal precautions to prevent it. Therefore, it is sensible to have insurance coverage.
There is no law governing this, so each company makes its own rules. However, most countries require adherence to the doctrine of equity and natural justice, which means being fair and giving the person an opportunity to explain.
In terms of the value of the loss, the market value of the asset would be considered, not the original cost. Again, it's up to the company to decide what it wants to do, but it should have notified the employees of this well in advance.
That said, I have recently seen a case where Kuoni Travels (a company owned by the Swiss government) deducted the cost of repairing a laptop (normal wear and tear in 2 years of use) from an employee when he was leaving. So mostly, you are at the mercy of the employer.