When we read powerful and inspirational stories about how CEOs across the world are signing for $1 or Re1 salary, here's an article on the hike of the CEO at TCS by 50%.
We all understand that the share market needs to be fed with such stories to boost the investors' morale. However, such information sets the standards for the internal and external stakeholders. How do you see this news as an HR?
[TCS to hike CEO's base pay by 50%](http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/ites/tcs-to-hike-ceo-chandrasekarans-2014-base-pay-by-50-to-rs-15-lakhs-a-month/articleshow/20440660.cms)
From India, Mumbai
We all understand that the share market needs to be fed with such stories to boost the investors' morale. However, such information sets the standards for the internal and external stakeholders. How do you see this news as an HR?
[TCS to hike CEO's base pay by 50%](http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/ites/tcs-to-hike-ceo-chandrasekarans-2014-base-pay-by-50-to-rs-15-lakhs-a-month/articleshow/20440660.cms)
From India, Mumbai
Hi (Cite Contribution),
I do not believe that investors' morale is boosted by such inappropriate hikes. Investors are only after a return on their investment in the form of either dividends or a rise in the share price, so that they can cash in on the profits. Therefore, there is no such thing as investor loyalty; investors will move to where gains can be made.
In fact, when CEOs are remunerated handsomely, any further hikes are seen as potential loss of dividends, money that would otherwise go into the pockets of investors. As an investor, my morale is boosted when CEO pay is increased by the rate of inflation or thereabouts. The reason most often cited is that the value of the CEO has risen, as in this case TCS revenue went up by 14% against an industry average of 11%, as per the article.
By hiking the salary, the board has reacted out of fear that the CEO will be poached by a competitor. In my opinion, this fear is unjustified as most TCS competitors will have a different infrastructure, culture, strategy, or even the resources to match those of TCS. As TCS is a global organization, the fear of poaching is not restricted within India; this CEO would be in demand worldwide. The CEO of Pepsi comes to mind!
While external stakeholders are not the concern of HR (it is the concern of the organization's publicity and media relations department), internal stakeholders are a different matter. HR will hear of grumblings, particularly when increments are in single percentage figures, if at all. However, it will all die down after a couple of weeks, and it will be back to business as usual... until the next CEO hike!
Regards,
Harsh
From United Kingdom, Barrow
I do not believe that investors' morale is boosted by such inappropriate hikes. Investors are only after a return on their investment in the form of either dividends or a rise in the share price, so that they can cash in on the profits. Therefore, there is no such thing as investor loyalty; investors will move to where gains can be made.
In fact, when CEOs are remunerated handsomely, any further hikes are seen as potential loss of dividends, money that would otherwise go into the pockets of investors. As an investor, my morale is boosted when CEO pay is increased by the rate of inflation or thereabouts. The reason most often cited is that the value of the CEO has risen, as in this case TCS revenue went up by 14% against an industry average of 11%, as per the article.
By hiking the salary, the board has reacted out of fear that the CEO will be poached by a competitor. In my opinion, this fear is unjustified as most TCS competitors will have a different infrastructure, culture, strategy, or even the resources to match those of TCS. As TCS is a global organization, the fear of poaching is not restricted within India; this CEO would be in demand worldwide. The CEO of Pepsi comes to mind!
While external stakeholders are not the concern of HR (it is the concern of the organization's publicity and media relations department), internal stakeholders are a different matter. HR will hear of grumblings, particularly when increments are in single percentage figures, if at all. However, it will all die down after a couple of weeks, and it will be back to business as usual... until the next CEO hike!
Regards,
Harsh
From United Kingdom, Barrow
Hello Cite Contribution,
Like Harsh mentioned, stock/trading conditions may not be affected very much by this measure—maybe for a short while at the most.
However, purely from the HR perspective, it would be more interesting and, I guess, appropriate, to check if the same largesse has been doled out to the general-grade employees. After all, TCS is what it is today due to the whole team—from the junior-most employee to the CEO (like it's for any and every organization)—not just due to the CEO or a few of the top honchos.
If the rest of the staff has been given the standard single-digit hikes—being given the usual reasons of the poor IT industry situation, etc.—then that reminds me of the abnormal and indecent hikes the US companies that were the cause for the 2008 bust (which eventually needed Federal Financial Support for survival) gave their CEOs soon after the Federal funds came in, that led to even the newly elected President Obama to react with abhorrence. Except that in the case of TCS, it would be at the expense of the foot soldiers.
If, however, the rest of the staff also did get similar grand hikes (if not around 50%), I think we ought to congratulate and appreciate the TCS Management/Board for laying the foundation for such an equitable distribution of the fruits of collective labor in the Indian IT industry.
Regards,
TS
From India, Hyderabad
Like Harsh mentioned, stock/trading conditions may not be affected very much by this measure—maybe for a short while at the most.
However, purely from the HR perspective, it would be more interesting and, I guess, appropriate, to check if the same largesse has been doled out to the general-grade employees. After all, TCS is what it is today due to the whole team—from the junior-most employee to the CEO (like it's for any and every organization)—not just due to the CEO or a few of the top honchos.
If the rest of the staff has been given the standard single-digit hikes—being given the usual reasons of the poor IT industry situation, etc.—then that reminds me of the abnormal and indecent hikes the US companies that were the cause for the 2008 bust (which eventually needed Federal Financial Support for survival) gave their CEOs soon after the Federal funds came in, that led to even the newly elected President Obama to react with abhorrence. Except that in the case of TCS, it would be at the expense of the foot soldiers.
If, however, the rest of the staff also did get similar grand hikes (if not around 50%), I think we ought to congratulate and appreciate the TCS Management/Board for laying the foundation for such an equitable distribution of the fruits of collective labor in the Indian IT industry.
Regards,
TS
From India, Hyderabad
In my personal opinion, such hikes are abnormal and unfair; unless the other equally important stakeholders, namely investors and employees, are also treated alike.
A company is not a one-man show unless it's like the Virgin Group (with a charismatic Richard Branson driving the business) or like flamboyant Dr. Mallya's companies (unfortunately, KFA cannot even pay overdue salaries to its employees); to name a few. Surprisingly, even family-run companies have not showered such largesses on their CEOs.
I think it's bad for business at the end of the day!!
From India, Delhi
A company is not a one-man show unless it's like the Virgin Group (with a charismatic Richard Branson driving the business) or like flamboyant Dr. Mallya's companies (unfortunately, KFA cannot even pay overdue salaries to its employees); to name a few. Surprisingly, even family-run companies have not showered such largesses on their CEOs.
I think it's bad for business at the end of the day!!
From India, Delhi
Hello (Cite Contribution),
To add further to this topic/issue, does this indicate a switch in the generally known and understood Tata Mindset? Meaning, is the famous and well-known positive mindset of the Tata Group/Name undergoing a subtle but sure change after the change of guard at the top of the Tata Empire?
I recollect the very positive and rarely exhibited Tata Mindset of 'Taking Care' just because that's the right thing, and not for any name/fame/profit-motive just after the 26/11 Terrorist attacks in Mumbai. I think this was posted in CiteHR too earlier.
Everyone, without exception, who was around the Taj Hotel during the attacks and suffered damage and loss of livelihood—including the roadside Chaiwala guys, Chatwalas, etc—were all supported by the Tata Group in terms of financial and material support to get back on their feet ASAP. All this when the Tata Group didn't really have to do it, since none were even remotely related to the Taj Hotel [by some counts, they were even viewed as 'dirty' neighbors by the affluent]—frankly, had it been any other group, including some very well-known ones, they would have conveniently passed it on to the government or at best, taken good care to publicize that they did this and that.
Vis-a-vis this way of thinking and doing, what happened at TCS does indicate a 180-degree change in orientation/approach. I do hope I am wrong.
Regards,
TS
From India, Hyderabad
To add further to this topic/issue, does this indicate a switch in the generally known and understood Tata Mindset? Meaning, is the famous and well-known positive mindset of the Tata Group/Name undergoing a subtle but sure change after the change of guard at the top of the Tata Empire?
I recollect the very positive and rarely exhibited Tata Mindset of 'Taking Care' just because that's the right thing, and not for any name/fame/profit-motive just after the 26/11 Terrorist attacks in Mumbai. I think this was posted in CiteHR too earlier.
Everyone, without exception, who was around the Taj Hotel during the attacks and suffered damage and loss of livelihood—including the roadside Chaiwala guys, Chatwalas, etc—were all supported by the Tata Group in terms of financial and material support to get back on their feet ASAP. All this when the Tata Group didn't really have to do it, since none were even remotely related to the Taj Hotel [by some counts, they were even viewed as 'dirty' neighbors by the affluent]—frankly, had it been any other group, including some very well-known ones, they would have conveniently passed it on to the government or at best, taken good care to publicize that they did this and that.
Vis-a-vis this way of thinking and doing, what happened at TCS does indicate a 180-degree change in orientation/approach. I do hope I am wrong.
Regards,
TS
From India, Hyderabad
I appreciate the above write-up. It is well-written; balanced, analytical, and deals with vital issues facing our country.
About TCS and the Tata philosophy, I would like to believe that the latter always endures as the guiding philosophy of the industrialized economy, and the TCS incident is just an aberration or an exception.
Warm regards.
From India, Delhi
About TCS and the Tata philosophy, I would like to believe that the latter always endures as the guiding philosophy of the industrialized economy, and the TCS incident is just an aberration or an exception.
Warm regards.
From India, Delhi
Dear friends,
I appreciate the sentiments expressed by our overseas friend and followed by other experts in one way. However, I should say we should look at the other side of the coin. As you are all aware, project approvals are influenced by political, economic, regional equations, and other matters such as kickbacks, etc. On the other hand, if we look at it impartially, other factors like the environment, local social issues, etc., are involved (as cited in some cases), and we could very well understand the complexity of these cases. We cannot be bogged down only by looking at figures like 4.5%, 6.8%, etc. You know this has been influenced by the lesser growth seen in the organized sector whose bosses are billionaires. Are we worried about why their net worth has fallen by a few million compared to last year or why they have dropped down a few places in Forbes' top 100 wealthiest? These figures are computed, as you know, not only on industrial growth but also on other factors accounting for GDP like growth in agriculture, where other associated issues exist, such as monsoon failures throughout the country last year, etc. Who is bothering about half a billion village laborers who are languishing in remote villages? Do you have the count of farmers who have committed suicide due to crop failures, being unable to repay debts, etc.? Our concern should be addressed to the plight of these millions and it's better not to worry too much about a few lakhs going abroad. You also know special flights are sent to bring back unlicensed workers stranded in overseas countries within a few hours, they are raised in the media, and nothing is done about thousands illegally detained in Sri Lankan and Pakistani prisons. Why this double standard?
Regarding brain drain, everyone is aware that the government and its policies are not aimed at exporting brains. They are going on their own for making faster bucks, braving the risks associated with it. For a population of over 1.25 billion, how much can the organized sector cater to? Why blame only the country?
I'm not saying that everything being said is wrong, but it should be read with ifs and buts. India is India, and things can only be changed by revolutions and not by amendments to acts and laws. We know the history of other countries where revolutions have changed many; one such thing is due in India as we have seen none (independence struggles cannot be counted under this category).
From India, Bangalore
I appreciate the sentiments expressed by our overseas friend and followed by other experts in one way. However, I should say we should look at the other side of the coin. As you are all aware, project approvals are influenced by political, economic, regional equations, and other matters such as kickbacks, etc. On the other hand, if we look at it impartially, other factors like the environment, local social issues, etc., are involved (as cited in some cases), and we could very well understand the complexity of these cases. We cannot be bogged down only by looking at figures like 4.5%, 6.8%, etc. You know this has been influenced by the lesser growth seen in the organized sector whose bosses are billionaires. Are we worried about why their net worth has fallen by a few million compared to last year or why they have dropped down a few places in Forbes' top 100 wealthiest? These figures are computed, as you know, not only on industrial growth but also on other factors accounting for GDP like growth in agriculture, where other associated issues exist, such as monsoon failures throughout the country last year, etc. Who is bothering about half a billion village laborers who are languishing in remote villages? Do you have the count of farmers who have committed suicide due to crop failures, being unable to repay debts, etc.? Our concern should be addressed to the plight of these millions and it's better not to worry too much about a few lakhs going abroad. You also know special flights are sent to bring back unlicensed workers stranded in overseas countries within a few hours, they are raised in the media, and nothing is done about thousands illegally detained in Sri Lankan and Pakistani prisons. Why this double standard?
Regarding brain drain, everyone is aware that the government and its policies are not aimed at exporting brains. They are going on their own for making faster bucks, braving the risks associated with it. For a population of over 1.25 billion, how much can the organized sector cater to? Why blame only the country?
I'm not saying that everything being said is wrong, but it should be read with ifs and buts. India is India, and things can only be changed by revolutions and not by amendments to acts and laws. We know the history of other countries where revolutions have changed many; one such thing is due in India as we have seen none (independence struggles cannot be counted under this category).
From India, Bangalore
Further to the comments of Anon and Kumar,
India is on a downward spiral, not because of the corporations, industries, farmers, or the monsoon, etc., but because Indian politicians have no vision, unlike Indonesia, Vietnam, Singapore, China, and now even Burma. Indian politicians can only pay lip service and dole out laptops, blankets, and saris to maintain their vote banks made up of the poor millions.
I am often told that the government's work is hampered because it is a coalition. What nonsense! There are coalitions all over the world, including the UK, where the good of the country and its people come first, and pockets are lined afterwards.
When a country takes years, if not decades, to deliver justice to the people; when promises of compensations never materialize; when positions of power are given to family members; when industry and entrepreneurs are ignored; when foreign troops incur (and some six weeks later are still there); when scams are a weekly occurrence... then the netas have failed.
Government of the people, by the people, for the people? Not in Incredible India.
So, I, for one, do blame the country or rather its incredible politicians.
My rant is not to bash India, and what I have said does hurt the heart.
Jai Hind!
Harsh
From United Kingdom, Barrow
India is on a downward spiral, not because of the corporations, industries, farmers, or the monsoon, etc., but because Indian politicians have no vision, unlike Indonesia, Vietnam, Singapore, China, and now even Burma. Indian politicians can only pay lip service and dole out laptops, blankets, and saris to maintain their vote banks made up of the poor millions.
I am often told that the government's work is hampered because it is a coalition. What nonsense! There are coalitions all over the world, including the UK, where the good of the country and its people come first, and pockets are lined afterwards.
When a country takes years, if not decades, to deliver justice to the people; when promises of compensations never materialize; when positions of power are given to family members; when industry and entrepreneurs are ignored; when foreign troops incur (and some six weeks later are still there); when scams are a weekly occurrence... then the netas have failed.
Government of the people, by the people, for the people? Not in Incredible India.
So, I, for one, do blame the country or rather its incredible politicians.
My rant is not to bash India, and what I have said does hurt the heart.
Jai Hind!
Harsh
From United Kingdom, Barrow
Hello,
I really liked the way you guys have put up your views. When it comes to the growth and development of our country, everything comes to politics. It’s very easy to blame politics or ministers for that matter but one of the most important things which most of the times gets missed is the diversity in our country.
If you study the culture of Japan you would understand that it is not just a country it’s a family, there is only one religion and that is something which hold them so strong in the world. It does not have natural resources nor it has huge population what it but it has is unity, likeness. This is very very important for any country to grow.
I love my country and I am proud of it, but then there is other side of India also, in which there are many religions and many cultures which do along with each other, why you think these political leaders win their sits. It’s more because of favoritism to a particular religion rather than development or anything else.
I know this could not be rectified in a day but then at least we can stop this practice of favoritism at our end because unless and until we practice this, it would be difficult to convince other.
Regards,
Avinash.
I really liked the way you guys have put up your views. When it comes to the growth and development of our country, everything comes to politics. It’s very easy to blame politics or ministers for that matter but one of the most important things which most of the times gets missed is the diversity in our country.
If you study the culture of Japan you would understand that it is not just a country it’s a family, there is only one religion and that is something which hold them so strong in the world. It does not have natural resources nor it has huge population what it but it has is unity, likeness. This is very very important for any country to grow.
I love my country and I am proud of it, but then there is other side of India also, in which there are many religions and many cultures which do along with each other, why you think these political leaders win their sits. It’s more because of favoritism to a particular religion rather than development or anything else.
I know this could not be rectified in a day but then at least we can stop this practice of favoritism at our end because unless and until we practice this, it would be difficult to convince other.
Regards,
Avinash.
My take on this is something different. Once a guy reaches the position of CEO, he always runs the risk of getting fired if the business goes downhill, even if he is not solely responsible; factors could be market-driven or economic downturn and so on. Hence, the risk element being very high, he has to be compensated during the time he is at the helm of affairs and running the show successfully.
Whereas with ordinary mortals or employees, the matter is different. Whether the business goes uphill or downhill, so long as you perform, your stability is assured except in the rarest of rare cases like that of Mr. Phanish Murthy! It is like Bollywood actors getting Rs. 5 crore and Rs. 10 crore for a movie lasting two hours, and their appearance may be restricted to just 1 hour and 30 minutes or so. Over a period of time, they run the risk of not getting any roles, and all those old actors may not be getting even Daddy roles or minor roles, unlike Big B! They fade slowly and surely, and unless they have money in hand, what they earned during their prime, it will be difficult for them to maintain a lifestyle befitting an actor of the past.
Hence, wherever the risk factors are very high, the compensation will also be comparatively high! This is similar to sports personalities. Beyond 40 years, they are into oblivion, and what they earn honestly, of course, has to be kept away for a rainy day! I know many professionals may not agree with my opinion, but this is MY opinion!
From India, Bengaluru
Whereas with ordinary mortals or employees, the matter is different. Whether the business goes uphill or downhill, so long as you perform, your stability is assured except in the rarest of rare cases like that of Mr. Phanish Murthy! It is like Bollywood actors getting Rs. 5 crore and Rs. 10 crore for a movie lasting two hours, and their appearance may be restricted to just 1 hour and 30 minutes or so. Over a period of time, they run the risk of not getting any roles, and all those old actors may not be getting even Daddy roles or minor roles, unlike Big B! They fade slowly and surely, and unless they have money in hand, what they earned during their prime, it will be difficult for them to maintain a lifestyle befitting an actor of the past.
Hence, wherever the risk factors are very high, the compensation will also be comparatively high! This is similar to sports personalities. Beyond 40 years, they are into oblivion, and what they earn honestly, of course, has to be kept away for a rainy day! I know many professionals may not agree with my opinion, but this is MY opinion!
From India, Bengaluru
Dear NK Sundaram,
When the business goes downhill, the first affected are the ordinary employees. They are axed first in the name of downsizing and attempts to make the company lean and competitive. Before that, they have to go through bad patches of non-payment of overdue salaries and salary reductions. I have read reports of Kingfisher Airlines employees not getting salaries for months together, but yet to read any reports about the CEOs and senior executives facing hardships. Your argument is exactly what paves the way for giving obscene salary hikes to CEOs.
What is so special if the industry as a whole performs at 11% and a company performs at 14% - just 3 percentage points higher? The average of 11 itself signifies that many more companies must have performed on a higher side too, to average out several low-performing companies.
Warm regards.
From India, Delhi
When the business goes downhill, the first affected are the ordinary employees. They are axed first in the name of downsizing and attempts to make the company lean and competitive. Before that, they have to go through bad patches of non-payment of overdue salaries and salary reductions. I have read reports of Kingfisher Airlines employees not getting salaries for months together, but yet to read any reports about the CEOs and senior executives facing hardships. Your argument is exactly what paves the way for giving obscene salary hikes to CEOs.
What is so special if the industry as a whole performs at 11% and a company performs at 14% - just 3 percentage points higher? The average of 11 itself signifies that many more companies must have performed on a higher side too, to average out several low-performing companies.
Warm regards.
From India, Delhi
In my opinion, all such matters are related to the marketing strategy of the company. I would think "zillions" of times before considering a 50% salary hike. Well, it's tough but not impossible. When we talk about the CEOs of such top companies, I believe they deserve it. :)
From India, Noida
From India, Noida
Hello PremOutshine,
I think you missed the WHOLE point. The issue is NOT whether the CEO deserved the 50% hike or not—it's whether the same/similar treatment was given to the rest of the employees.
Rgds,
TS
From India, Hyderabad
I think you missed the WHOLE point. The issue is NOT whether the CEO deserved the 50% hike or not—it's whether the same/similar treatment was given to the rest of the employees.
Rgds,
TS
From India, Hyderabad
I second Sateesh; I raised this question to our Think Tanks because I found it very strange. A simple Google search will show similar announcements for the CEOs' salary across the world and thereby the news about the share price catapult and business growth. What does such an action stand for beyond the hogwash and PR effort? I am grateful for the in-depth understanding shared and insights on the Indian Business scenario.
From India, Mumbai
From India, Mumbai
Dear friends,
This is for those interested in knowing a little more about the progress of emerging countries. Chart of the day (Please see the attachment).
"There is no doubt that GDP growth in both India and China has considerably slowed down. In India, growth in FY13 was the lowest in a decade. However, when compared to their peers in both the developed and the emerging world, they have still performed better. As today's chart shows, China and India lead the pack with respect to growth in the March 2013 quarter. That being said, overall, this still does not bode well for the global economy. Growth in the developed world remains weak, and it will be a while before there is a recovery. It was hoped that healthy growth in the emerging economies would rebalance overall global growth. However, judging by the performance in these countries, that, alas, does not seem to be the case."
Data Source: The Economist
From India, Bangalore
This is for those interested in knowing a little more about the progress of emerging countries. Chart of the day (Please see the attachment).
"There is no doubt that GDP growth in both India and China has considerably slowed down. In India, growth in FY13 was the lowest in a decade. However, when compared to their peers in both the developed and the emerging world, they have still performed better. As today's chart shows, China and India lead the pack with respect to growth in the March 2013 quarter. That being said, overall, this still does not bode well for the global economy. Growth in the developed world remains weak, and it will be a while before there is a recovery. It was hoped that healthy growth in the emerging economies would rebalance overall global growth. However, judging by the performance in these countries, that, alas, does not seem to be the case."
Data Source: The Economist
From India, Bangalore
Thanks for the article. Please see below an extract from your article, which clearly states that India needs to address its policies.
In a landmark decision, the Indian government had approved FDI in retail. However, foreign investors do not appear to be too keen to speed up their investments in the country. Crisil has stated in a report that it does not expect foreign retailers to make any big-ticket investments for at least 2 to 3 years. The reason for this is the rules laid down for FDI. Retailers have to make greenfield investments of at least US$ 100 million as a condition for entry into India. Given the depressed macroeconomic scenario, most companies are curbing or cutting back on their investment plans. Therefore, making such an investment right away may not be too feasible. Moreover, India itself is battling its own issues like political uncertainty, slowing economic growth, etc. In such circumstances, investors are expected to be skeptical about parking their funds in the country. This is something we have been writing about since the FDI policy was approved. India has to effectively deal with its policies and reform them to make the investment environment conducive. Otherwise, simply approving FDI would not really help.
From United+States, San+Francisco
In a landmark decision, the Indian government had approved FDI in retail. However, foreign investors do not appear to be too keen to speed up their investments in the country. Crisil has stated in a report that it does not expect foreign retailers to make any big-ticket investments for at least 2 to 3 years. The reason for this is the rules laid down for FDI. Retailers have to make greenfield investments of at least US$ 100 million as a condition for entry into India. Given the depressed macroeconomic scenario, most companies are curbing or cutting back on their investment plans. Therefore, making such an investment right away may not be too feasible. Moreover, India itself is battling its own issues like political uncertainty, slowing economic growth, etc. In such circumstances, investors are expected to be skeptical about parking their funds in the country. This is something we have been writing about since the FDI policy was approved. India has to effectively deal with its policies and reform them to make the investment environment conducive. Otherwise, simply approving FDI would not really help.
From United+States, San+Francisco
Well, Its really good to read this type of news and achievements and it is remarkable too and inspire other people in the organization.
From India, Lucknow
From India, Lucknow
And my question is that, is it fair to compare the CEO with the rest of the employees in an organization?
From India, Noida
From India, Noida
Hello PremOutshine,
I am not sure of your 'definition' of comparison. I don't think this is an issue of comparison—it's one of EQUAL treatment within the organization. Would the CEO (or for that matter any higher official) be able to do anything on his/her own without the support/effort of those down-the-line? Equally well, those down-the-line would ALSO NOT be able to do much without the guidance/support of the higher-ups.
Like the American slang saying goes: 'It takes two to tango.' So it INVARIABLY IS & WILL ALWAYS BE a collective effort for ANY organization. Each will have to give his/her best, relative to his/her role & responsibilities—that's when the organization, as a whole, thrives & grows.
Regards,
TS
From India, Hyderabad
I am not sure of your 'definition' of comparison. I don't think this is an issue of comparison—it's one of EQUAL treatment within the organization. Would the CEO (or for that matter any higher official) be able to do anything on his/her own without the support/effort of those down-the-line? Equally well, those down-the-line would ALSO NOT be able to do much without the guidance/support of the higher-ups.
Like the American slang saying goes: 'It takes two to tango.' So it INVARIABLY IS & WILL ALWAYS BE a collective effort for ANY organization. Each will have to give his/her best, relative to his/her role & responsibilities—that's when the organization, as a whole, thrives & grows.
Regards,
TS
From India, Hyderabad
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