Please help me of the definition of TAT and how it actually works?
From India, Bangalore
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From India, Bangalore
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In psychology, we term it as Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). TAT is a projective technique used to understand a person's behavior. It consists of 12 black and white pictures. The procedure is as follows: show each of the 12 pictures for 30 seconds and then allow one minute to write down observations for each slide. This process helps in understanding the deeper feelings of the individual.
The 12th picture is a blank slide, which is also shown for 30 seconds, followed by a minute for the participant to write something about it. Interestingly, the participant is not informed that the 12th picture is blank, yet they provide a description.
Regards,
Dr. Kavita R. Shanmughan
From India, Madras
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7The 12th picture is a blank slide, which is also shown for 30 seconds, followed by a minute for the participant to write something about it. Interestingly, the participant is not informed that the 12th picture is blank, yet they provide a description.
Regards,
Dr. Kavita R. Shanmughan
From India, Madras
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TAT was first developed in 1935 by Henry Murray, Christiana Morgan, and their colleagues at the Harvard Psychological Clinic.
The Thematic Apperception Test, or TAT, is a projective measure intended to evaluate a person's patterns of thought, attitudes, observational capacity, and emotional responses to ambiguous test materials. Many psychologists prefer not to call it a "test" because it implies that there are "right" and "wrong" answers to the questions. They consider the term "technique" to be a more accurate description of the TAT and other projective assessments. TAT is often administered to individuals as part of a battery or group of tests intended to evaluate personality. It is considered effective in eliciting information about a person's view of the world, his or her attitudes toward the self and others, and specific aspects of human personality, most often needs for achievement, fears of failure, hostility and aggression, and interpersonal object relations. The TAT is often used in individual assessments of candidates for employment in fields requiring a high degree of skill in dealing with other people and/or ability to cope with high levels of psychological stress such as law enforcement, military leadership positions, religious ministry, education, diplomatic service, etc. TAT investigates a variety of different topics, including the extent to which people are emotionally involved in relationships with others; their ability to understand the complexities of human relationships; their ability to distinguish between their viewpoint on a situation and the perspectives of others involved; their ability to control aggressive impulses; self-esteem issues; and issues of personal identity.
Murray's scoring system is time-consuming and unwieldy. Other scoring systems have since been introduced that focus on one or two specific variables, for example, hostility or depression. While these systems are more practical for clinical use, they lack comprehensiveness. No single system presently used for scoring the TAT has achieved widespread acceptance. There are two basic approaches to interpreting responses to the TAT, called nomothetic and idiographic respectively. Nomothetic interpretation refers to the practice of establishing norms for answers from subjects in specific age, gender, racial, or educational level groups and then measuring a given subject's responses against those norms. Idiographic interpretation refers to evaluating the unique features of the subject's view of the world and relationships. The 1992 Code of Ethics of the American Psychological Association requires psychologists to be knowledgeable about cultural and social differences, and to be responsible in interpreting test results with regard to these differences.
You may also consult this book
"A Practical Guide to the Thematic Apperception Test: The TAT in Clinical Practice" by Aronow, Edward, Kim Altman Weiss, and Marvin Reznikoff. Philadelphia, PA: Taylor and Francis, 2001.
For any curiosity, you can ask on singharvind_hrdm rediffmail.com or on 09213998535
From India, New Delhi
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The Thematic Apperception Test, or TAT, is a projective measure intended to evaluate a person's patterns of thought, attitudes, observational capacity, and emotional responses to ambiguous test materials. Many psychologists prefer not to call it a "test" because it implies that there are "right" and "wrong" answers to the questions. They consider the term "technique" to be a more accurate description of the TAT and other projective assessments. TAT is often administered to individuals as part of a battery or group of tests intended to evaluate personality. It is considered effective in eliciting information about a person's view of the world, his or her attitudes toward the self and others, and specific aspects of human personality, most often needs for achievement, fears of failure, hostility and aggression, and interpersonal object relations. The TAT is often used in individual assessments of candidates for employment in fields requiring a high degree of skill in dealing with other people and/or ability to cope with high levels of psychological stress such as law enforcement, military leadership positions, religious ministry, education, diplomatic service, etc. TAT investigates a variety of different topics, including the extent to which people are emotionally involved in relationships with others; their ability to understand the complexities of human relationships; their ability to distinguish between their viewpoint on a situation and the perspectives of others involved; their ability to control aggressive impulses; self-esteem issues; and issues of personal identity.
Murray's scoring system is time-consuming and unwieldy. Other scoring systems have since been introduced that focus on one or two specific variables, for example, hostility or depression. While these systems are more practical for clinical use, they lack comprehensiveness. No single system presently used for scoring the TAT has achieved widespread acceptance. There are two basic approaches to interpreting responses to the TAT, called nomothetic and idiographic respectively. Nomothetic interpretation refers to the practice of establishing norms for answers from subjects in specific age, gender, racial, or educational level groups and then measuring a given subject's responses against those norms. Idiographic interpretation refers to evaluating the unique features of the subject's view of the world and relationships. The 1992 Code of Ethics of the American Psychological Association requires psychologists to be knowledgeable about cultural and social differences, and to be responsible in interpreting test results with regard to these differences.
You may also consult this book
"A Practical Guide to the Thematic Apperception Test: The TAT in Clinical Practice" by Aronow, Edward, Kim Altman Weiss, and Marvin Reznikoff. Philadelphia, PA: Taylor and Francis, 2001.
For any curiosity, you can ask on singharvind_hrdm rediffmail.com or on 09213998535
From India, New Delhi
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TAT is basically used to measure the personality dynamics of the people. It not only measures the needs, motives, and structure of individuals but also how these internal aspects interact with the outside world to yield positive or negative outcomes.
Let me explain... A person might have a very high level of need for achievement, but if placed in a hostile work environment, the chances are that he might not be able to fulfill his ambitions. TAT is a powerful tool for understanding the personality dynamics of people. However, proper training is required for administration and interpretation.
In the original TAT by Murray and Morgan, there are 31 cards, including one blank card. However, only 20 cards are used for one person depending on their age and gender.
Dr. M. G. Shahnawaz
For further queries, my email is: mgshahnawaz@gmail.com
From India, Delhi
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Let me explain... A person might have a very high level of need for achievement, but if placed in a hostile work environment, the chances are that he might not be able to fulfill his ambitions. TAT is a powerful tool for understanding the personality dynamics of people. However, proper training is required for administration and interpretation.
In the original TAT by Murray and Morgan, there are 31 cards, including one blank card. However, only 20 cards are used for one person depending on their age and gender.
Dr. M. G. Shahnawaz
For further queries, my email is: mgshahnawaz@gmail.com
From India, Delhi
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Hi Sudheer,
It's really interesting as I had never heard of TAT. The information provided by our friends arouses interest and implies many things a person needs to be aware of; it definitely helps in updating horizons of knowledge.
Thank you, one and all.
From India, Bangalore
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It's really interesting as I had never heard of TAT. The information provided by our friends arouses interest and implies many things a person needs to be aware of; it definitely helps in updating horizons of knowledge.
Thank you, one and all.
From India, Bangalore
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Hi Dr. Kavita,
From your view i understand that there shall be 12 slides to be used while administering TAT (Thematic apperception test). But when i did a research on the topic I found that few psychologists has suggested to make use of around 31 slides to be offer to the subject. I request you to go through the article given below and put some light on the issue.
The Thematic Apperception Test, or TAT, is a projective measure intended to evaluate a person's patterns of thought, attitudes, observational capacity, and emotional responses to ambiguous test materials. In the case of the TAT, the ambiguous materials consist of a set of cards that portray human figures in a variety of settings and situations. The subject is asked to tell the examiner a story/ opinion about each card.
Because the TAT is an example of a projective instrument— that is, it asks the subject to project his or her habitual patterns of thought and emotional responses onto the pictures on the cards— many psychologists prefer not to call it a "test," because it implies that there are "right" and "wrong" answers to the questions. They consider the term "technique" to be a more accurate description of the TAT and other projective assessments.
The TAT is usually administered to individuals in a quiet room free from interruptions or distractions. The subject sits at the edge of a table or desk next to the examiner. The examiner shows the subject a series of story cards taken from the full set of 31 TAT cards. The usual number of cards shown to the subject is between 10 and 14, although Murray recommended the use of 20 cards, administered in two separate one-hour sessions with the subject. The original 31 cards were divided into three categories, for use with men only, with women only, or for use with subjects of either sex. Recent practice has moved away from the use of separate sets of cards for men and women.
The subject is then instructed to tell a story about the picture on each card, with specific instructions to include a description of the event in the picture, the developments that led up to the event, the thoughts and feelings of the people in the picture, and the outcome of the story. The examiner keeps the cards in a pile face down in front of him or her, gives them to the subject one at a time, and asks the subject to place each card face down as its story is completed. Administration of the TAT usually takes about an hour.
Murray's original practice was to take notes by hand on the subject's responses, including his or her nonverbal behaviors. Research has indicated, however, that a great deal of significant material is lost when notes are recorded in this way. As a result, some examiners now use a tape recorder to record subjects' answers. Another option involves asking the subject to write down his or her answers.
There are two basic approaches to interpreting responses to the TAT, called nomothetic and idiographic respectively. Nomothetic interpretation refers to the practice of establishing norms for answers from subjects in specific age, gender, racial, or educational level groups and then measuring a given subject's responses against those norms. Idiographic interpretation refers to evaluating the unique features of the subject's view of the world and relationships. Most psychologists would classify the TAT as better suited to idiographic than nomothetic interpretation.
I would be obliged to get your response.
Regards,
Sumir.
From India, Madras
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From your view i understand that there shall be 12 slides to be used while administering TAT (Thematic apperception test). But when i did a research on the topic I found that few psychologists has suggested to make use of around 31 slides to be offer to the subject. I request you to go through the article given below and put some light on the issue.
The Thematic Apperception Test, or TAT, is a projective measure intended to evaluate a person's patterns of thought, attitudes, observational capacity, and emotional responses to ambiguous test materials. In the case of the TAT, the ambiguous materials consist of a set of cards that portray human figures in a variety of settings and situations. The subject is asked to tell the examiner a story/ opinion about each card.
Because the TAT is an example of a projective instrument— that is, it asks the subject to project his or her habitual patterns of thought and emotional responses onto the pictures on the cards— many psychologists prefer not to call it a "test," because it implies that there are "right" and "wrong" answers to the questions. They consider the term "technique" to be a more accurate description of the TAT and other projective assessments.
The TAT is usually administered to individuals in a quiet room free from interruptions or distractions. The subject sits at the edge of a table or desk next to the examiner. The examiner shows the subject a series of story cards taken from the full set of 31 TAT cards. The usual number of cards shown to the subject is between 10 and 14, although Murray recommended the use of 20 cards, administered in two separate one-hour sessions with the subject. The original 31 cards were divided into three categories, for use with men only, with women only, or for use with subjects of either sex. Recent practice has moved away from the use of separate sets of cards for men and women.
The subject is then instructed to tell a story about the picture on each card, with specific instructions to include a description of the event in the picture, the developments that led up to the event, the thoughts and feelings of the people in the picture, and the outcome of the story. The examiner keeps the cards in a pile face down in front of him or her, gives them to the subject one at a time, and asks the subject to place each card face down as its story is completed. Administration of the TAT usually takes about an hour.
Murray's original practice was to take notes by hand on the subject's responses, including his or her nonverbal behaviors. Research has indicated, however, that a great deal of significant material is lost when notes are recorded in this way. As a result, some examiners now use a tape recorder to record subjects' answers. Another option involves asking the subject to write down his or her answers.
There are two basic approaches to interpreting responses to the TAT, called nomothetic and idiographic respectively. Nomothetic interpretation refers to the practice of establishing norms for answers from subjects in specific age, gender, racial, or educational level groups and then measuring a given subject's responses against those norms. Idiographic interpretation refers to evaluating the unique features of the subject's view of the world and relationships. Most psychologists would classify the TAT as better suited to idiographic than nomothetic interpretation.
I would be obliged to get your response.
Regards,
Sumir.
From India, Madras
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