Dear Bhaskar,
Understanding Ozone and Its Importance
Ozone (O3) is a gas that occurs naturally in the atmosphere. Its portion in the atmospheric gaseous composition is quite small, but it plays a vital role in protecting living organisms from the sun. The concentrated ozone forms a layer in the stratosphere many miles away from the Earth's surface, acting as a protective shield.
Effects of UV Radiation
There are many ionizing and non-ionizing radiations emitted by the sun and other planets, with UV rays being of particular concern. When living organisms, including plants and aquatic organisms, are exposed to these UV rays, they are affected. In humans, it can cause skin cancer and cataracts in the eyes.
The ozone layer filters out the harmful UV rays from entering the Earth's atmosphere, thus protecting living organisms.
Causes of Ozone Depletion
The major culprit in causing ozone depletion is CFC (chlorofluorocarbon), a highly stable gaseous chemical known as "Freon," used in refrigerators and other purposes. It remains in the atmosphere for a long time and reaches high altitudes when released. The CFCs that reach the stratosphere engage in a violent chain reaction with ozone, depleting it. This depletion leads to the formation of the "ozone hole," allowing UV rays to penetrate the atmosphere and cause detrimental effects on living organisms, as explained above.
I hope you now have a better understanding of the importance of ozone.
Regards,
SSM