Section 135B of The Representation of People Act, 1951 (known as Election Law along with Article 323 of the Constitution of India), states that every person employed in any trade, business, industrial undertaking, or establishment, and eligible to vote in an election to Lok Sabha or Legislative Assembly of a state shall be granted a paid holiday on the day of the poll. This is a mandatory legal requirement under the aforementioned law.
Therefore, the law mandates that all shops and establishments must remain closed on the date of polling in the constituency where a general election or bye-election is scheduled to take place.
The above provision of R.P. Act further stipulates that if an employer breaches or violates Section 135B, such employer shall be subject to a fine of up to Rs. 500/-. If an election to the Lok Sabha or State Legislative Assembly is held on a day other than Sunday or a designated holiday, the concerned State Government typically declares a local holiday on the polling day. In such cases, Central Government Offices in those areas are also required to be closed.
If the polling day falls on a day that is neither a Sunday nor a public holiday as per the N.I. Act, 1882, the State Government in question should instruct officials to advise businesses, commercial enterprises, and industrial establishments in the private sector to declare a paid holiday for their employees on the polling day.