The term 'Industrial Establishment' has a wider meaning under the Act. It has been defined, among other things, in section 2 (e) of the Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946, as an establishment within the meaning of Payment of Wages Act, 1936. According to section 2 (ii) (h) of Payment of Wages Act, an industrial or other establishment means any other establishment or class of establishments which the Central Government or a State Government may having regard to the nature thereof the need for protection of persons employed therein and other relevant circumstances specify by notification in the Official Gazette. In Payment of Wages Act, the term 'industrial establishment' and 'other establishment' are separately shown. However, in Standing Order Act, only the first usage is made. This does not mean that other establishments wherein activities other than manufacturing are carried out are out of purview of the Act. The respective state government has enforced ruling by notification with a view to protecting workmen employed. As such it shall be interpreted to give a wider meaning to the term industrial establishment and therefore the Standing Order Act will be applicable to all establishments wherein 100 or more are working. Regards, Madhu.T.K