There are officially 22 languages as per India's Constitution with 1652 dialects & 845 mother tongues. There are around 25 different language scripts.
The major language families found in India are 74% Indo-Aryan Languages, 24% Dravidian Languages, and the remaining 2% belong to Austroasiatic, Sino-Tibetan, Niger-Congo family of languages.
Indo-Aryan is a sub-branch of the Indo-Iranian group of languages, which is, in turn, a sub-branch of the most dominant language family in the world, the "Indo-European group of languages."
Sanskrit and Latin are cousin languages. This was established by the noted philologist Sir William Jones in the year 1784 at an address to the Royal Asiatic Society.
The scripts of Indian languages originated from Brahmi and Kharoshthi for Indo-Aryan languages and Grantha for the Dravidian languages. The Indus-Saraswathi Script of the Indus Valley Civilization language is yet to be deciphered.
Also, the oldest living language in the world at the moment is an Indian language, which is "Tamil."
The total number of living languages in the world as of July 18th, 2011, according to the Ethnologue list, is 6976.
See the attachment for English translations of many Indian Languages.
AVS
(This is a forwarded message, which I wish to share. If it is a repeat post, at least this will enlighten others who have missed this topic.)