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In general use, a complaint is an expression of displeasure, such as poor service at a store, or from a local government, for example.
In the common law, a complaint is a formal legal document that sets out the basic facts and legal reasons (see: cause of action) that the filing party (the plaintiffs) believes are sufficient to support a claim against another person, persons, entity or entities (the defendants) that entitles the plaintiff(s) to a remedy (either money damages or injunctive relief). See also petition and pleading.
In criminal cases, it is a criminal complaint (felony complaint) and the plaintiff is the State (also sometimes called the People) or Crown (in the Commonwealth of Nations) as the source of the prosecutor's authority emanates from the police power of the state with the defendant being the accused who faces criminal sanctions.
A grievance is a formal statement of complaint, generally against an authority figure.
A substantial section of the Declaration of Independence consists of an enumeration of the colonists' grievances against the "Present King of Great-Britain" (George III).
An important part of the American political tradition (guaranteed by the First Amendment) is the right of the people to petition the government for redress of grievances.
Labor unions typically include a committee known as the Grievance Committee or Griefcom which deals with complaints of members against management.
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