Section 54: Daily Working Hours
Section 54 restricts the daily working hours of a worker to 9 hours, while simultaneously granting the Chief Inspector of factories the power to relax or exempt any class of factories so that shift changes can be accommodated.
Section 64: Exemptions by State Government
Furthermore, Section 64 of the Act empowers the State Government to exempt any factories or class of workers as mentioned in various sub-sections while formulating rules. However, when establishing these rules, the overtime limit should not exceed 10 hours in a day, 60 hours in a week, and 50 hours in a quarter.
Section 65: Orders of Exemption
Additionally, Section 65 provides the authority to issue orders of exemption for relaxation in working hours/overtime and maximum limits. When issuing these exemption orders, the working hours should not exceed 13 hours in a day, including rest and spread hours, with a maximum of 60 hours of overtime in a week and 75 hours in a quarter.
Difference Between Section 64 and 65
The difference between Section 64 and 65, as far as my understanding goes, is that the government can independently establish rules under Section 64. However, orders for exemption under Section 65 must be made upon application for exemption as envisaged by Section 54.