When To Claim LTA & Medical?

Can any body tell me "how & When can we claim Medical Allowance,LTA & BONUS ?
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E.G if salary breAkup of ABC is as
MONTHLY ANNUALY
Basic**************12750*************** 153000
HRA***************4463**************** 53556
Conveyance********600***************** 7200
LTA***************------**************** 6375
Medical Allow.*******------**************** 6375
Telephone/Books & **2000**************** 24000
Periodicals Allowance
Refreshment Allow.** 2050**************** 24600
Ex- Gratio**********------**************** 12750
TOTAL TAKE HOME***21858(monthly)
ANNUAL CTC **************************** 287856
The date of joining is :11th July 2007.
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Now my question is when can I claim MEDICAL,LTA & BONUS?and hw TDS will be deducted for 6 months.
Ghazala

I our company we used to give LTA only after probation and can be claimed only twice a year; for that they have to take 7 day earned leave and get it approved by the superior 4weeks in advance. Medical reimbursement are made once an employee produces bills.