Dear Raji,
Insofar as Central labor laws applicable to States and the State Governments also designated as appropriate Governments, there may be certain differences between the States regarding the criteria for the applicability of some provisions of the Acts and certain procedural aspects in the Rules promulgated by the respective States. For example, Chapter V-B of the ID Act, 1947, the minimum number of employees required for the application of the Standing Orders Act, 1946, and the number of contract labor required for obtaining a Contractor's license under the CLRA Act, 1970. Similarly, the maximum number of punitive suspension prescribed under the Model Standing Orders under the Central Industrial Employment Standing Orders Rules is just 4 days, whereas it is 30 days under the Tamil Nadu State Rules.
In respect of State Labor Laws like the Shops and Establishments Act and the National and Festival Holidays Act, there are certainly differences that you can understand by conducting a comparative study.
Similarly, certain States have their own special laws exclusively for specific employment conditions. In this connection, Maharashtra and Kerala have their own State laws for the prevention of unfair labor practices and the recognition of Trade Unions, whereas Tamil Nadu has the Conferment of Permanent Status Act and the Payment of Subsistence Allowance Act. To my knowledge, such exclusive laws are not available in other States.
Therefore, it is essential for you to prepare well in advance by reviewing the State Labor Department Portal to understand the provisions of the exclusive State Laws and the State Rules framed under various Central Laws.