Hello,
Leave is a privilege and not a right.
There must be codified rules in each organization to manage leave by employees. The rules provide for "entitlement for each type of leave", "application for leave", "the leave sanctioning procedure", "Leave records", etc.
Notwithstanding whether your organization has codified leave rules or not and even if it has, subject to the provisions of the codified leave rules of your organization, the general practice, understanding, and operational considerations are:
1) Any and all types of leave have to be "pre-sanctioned" though there will be honorable exceptions when the employee simply could not have obtained a prior sanction for his absence, and these have to be treated in a humane way albeit logically and rationally.
2) If an employee first stays away from work, then after absence comes back and wishes to "regularize" his absence by obtaining a post-facto sanction, he is running a risk in as much as his reasons for not obtaining a prior sanction may not be acceptable by the leave sanctioning authority, and the concerned absence may be treated as "unauthorized absence" which will bring him a pay cut and further an appropriate "disciplinary action".
3) Often people feel that if the employee has a credit balance in his leave account, leave cannot be refused. This is a grossly wrong understanding and interpretation of the concept of leave.
4) Absence from work can be only "authorized" or "unauthorized". Whether the said absence was despite a credit balance in the employee's leave account or not is an immaterial consideration. To stay away from work, the employee has to have a sanction—preferably a prior sanction than the post-facto sanction. But in post facto sanction cases, if the facts justify the absence, the sanction need not be denied.
5) People staying away and not even wanting to regularize the absence are vulnerable to serious disciplinary action if initial counseling does not bring about improvement in conduct.
I trust your query is now fully answered. If you need more elaboration, please state so!
Regards,
Samvedan
November 3, 2007