Theories of Employee Engagement and Retention
There are a number of theories pertaining to employee engagement and retaining talented employees. Unfortunately, most of these are purely academic in nature and do not have any practical value. When we say that employees should be motivated, we often forget to explain how they get motivated. Similarly, when we suggest that employee engagement should be improved by continuous feedback and rewarding activities, we overlook the potential downside: it may become a routine, and employees might engage only when they receive rewards. Making employees feel part of the organization or giving them more responsibilities often has a short-lived effect.
Factors Influencing Employee Motivation
I feel that reward, recognition, and security are perhaps the factors that would motivate employees to stay with an organization. The degree of influence of these factors on employee engagement or retention may change depending on the nature of the industry and the level of employees. For low-grade workers, reward factors and job security might be primary concerns, whereas being part of a branded company could be the basic criterion for managerial personnel, as it provides a sense of pride and recognition. The "I am safe" attitude is always present, but hypocrites may not openly admit their desire for security.
Industry Variations in Employee Engagement
The degree of employee engagement varies from industry to industry. It cannot be accurately measured using technology, even though some HR organizations claim they can conduct surveys to get results. These results may not be perfect, especially in organizations where the majority of employees are not highly educated. Conversely, in fields like IT, where we expect that 99% are highly educated, we often find the most disgruntled employees. Ironically, these are the organizations that proclaim, "Ours is an employee-friendly organization." In fact, companies that make such claims often exhibit a high degree of employee disengagement.
Observations and Recommendations
The above are a few of my observations from my own experience and from sharing thoughts with various employees and managers through citehr.com. These insights may not have academic importance, but for the purpose of your study, if you visit and meet employees from different sectors, you will understand if there is any match between what you were taught in college about employee engagement and what you experience live. If you really wish to do the project or research, you should not fully accept the theories but should conduct a survey involving different types of industries and different categories of employees. While conducting the survey, consider the values of the organization and whether these are reflected in employees in the form of rewards, recognition, etc.
Regards,
Madhu.T.K