Hi everyone,
hope all of you who are in Personnel/ admin, must be aware about the Energy Conservation Building code which ahs come into force recently.
am encl ECBC standard both in pdf/ within the body of the text (for people having slow internet connection)
surya
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Energy Conservation Building Code 2006. Energy Conservation on Building Code 2006. Energy Conservation Building Code 2006
Bureau of Energy Efficiency
ENERGY CONSERVATION
BUILDING CODE
2006
Energy Conservation Building Code
2006
The Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) 2006 has been developed by the
International Institute for Energy Conservation (IIEC) under contract with the United
States Agency for International Development (USAID) as a part of the Energy
Conservation and Commercialization (ECO) Project providing support to the Bureau
of Energy Efficiency (BEE) Action Plan.
US Agency for International Development
International Institute for Energy Conservation
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 iii
Energy Conservation Building Code - Project Team
Tanmay Tathagat, IIEC, Project Manager
Alpana Jain, IIEC Joe Derringer, TDG
Charles Eley, AEC John Armstrong, PA Consulting
Charlie Yu, AEC John Hogan
G C Modgil, ISHRAE Mark Hydeman, Taylor Engineering
H.S. Mamak, Renaissance T R Pai, Thorn Lighting
Jim Benya, Benya Lighting Design Tianzhen Hong, AEC
Supported by
Deepak Gahlowt, CCPS Dharminder Singh, DSCL
Dolly Jain, IIEC Anand Jain, AIFGMA
Sachin Malik
Energy Conservation Building Code - Committee of Experts
Dr. N. K. Bansal, Chair
Abdul Bengali Monsingh Devadas
Anil Misra N. Puri
Ashok Kumar N.K. Garg
Atul Saxena P. Krishan
Bhavani Prasad P.S Chaddha
Dipak Khandare Pradeep Kumar
G.C. Datta Roy S.C. Mullick
I.C. Sharma S.R. Choudhary
K.K. Trivedi Sanjay Dube
K.K. Chakarvati S.S. Talwar
K.K. Mitra Sanjay Prakash
Kunwar Narayan Satish Sabharwal
M.M Pande Subhasis Neogi
Manish Srivastava Sukesh Kakkar
Mili Majumdar Sunil Bajaj
Manoj Chandel T.H. Teckchandani
Vipul Shah
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 iv
Energy Conservation Building Code - Contributing Organizations
All India Flat Glass Manufacturers Association (AIFGMA)
Builders Association of India (BAI)
Building Materials and Technology Promotion Council (BMTPC)
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)
Carrier Aircon Limited
Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee (CBRI)
Central Public Works Department (CPWD)
Confederation of Construction Products and Services (CCPS)
Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)
Council Of Architects (COA)
Devi Ahilya Vishwa Vidyalaya, Indore
DSCL Energy Services
Electric Lamp and Component Manufacturers Association of India (ELCOMA)
Indian Buildings Congress (IBC)
Indian Institute of Architects (IIA)
Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (IIT-Delhi)
Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee (IIT- Roorkee)
International Copper Promotion Council, India (ICPCI)
Indian Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Engineers (ISHRAE)
Lloyd Insulations (India) Limited
Maharashtra Energy Development Agency, Pune (MEDA)
Saint-Gobain Glass India Ltd.
School of Architecture and Planning. Chennai (SAP)
School of Building Science and Technology, C.E.P.T.
Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University
Solar Energy Society of India (SESI)
The Energy Resource Institute (TERI)
UP Twiga Fiberglass Limited
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 v
Acknowledgment
The Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) is a result of exceptional teamwork. The
members of the IIEC team, the Committee of Experts (COE), and independent experts
worked closely to develop a comprehensive ECBC. IIEC acknowledges the team members
from PA Consulting, The Deringer Group, Architecture Energy Corporation, and Benya
Lighting Design. The ECBC depends on the background research and market data collected
and collated with help from CCPS, DSCL and all members of the COE. Mr. John Hogan
reviewed the ECBC drafts and helped in shaping up the final document. Mr. G. C. Modgil, Mr.
H. S. Mamak, Mr. T. R. Pai, Mr. Deepak Gahlowt, Mr. G. C. Datta Roy helped in developing
the technical sections of the ECBC and provided detailed reviews of the drafts.
Mr. R. V. Shahi, Secretary (Power) guided this first Indian ECBC. Constant encouragement by
Mr. V. S. Verma, DG, BEE, with his keen insight into energy efficiency potential in buildings,
ensured a technical rigor in the ECBC development methodology. Mr. Gireesh Pradhan, JS
(EC), MOP, provided valuable guidance to ensure that ECBC is written for effective
implementation.
Mr. S. Padmanaban, Sr. Advisor and Dr. (Ms.) Archana Walia, Program Manager, of USAID
provided constant support and guidance to the program. Their resolute support ensured that
the ECBC development process could respond to the challenges of developing a
comprehensive ECBC in such a short timeframe.
Special thanks are due to the members of COE, especially Mr. Sanjay Prakash, Mr. Bhavani
Prasad, Mr. P. Krishan, Mr. A. B. Lal, Ms. Mili Majumdar, Mr. Pradeep Kumar, and Mr. Anand
Jain for their detailed inputs into the ECBC development as well as subsequent reviews and
revisions of the draft.
Table of Contents
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 vi
Table of Contents
1. Purpose........................................... .................................................. .................................................. ........ 1
2. Scope............................................. .................................................. .................................................. ......... 2
2.1 Applicable Building Systems .................................................. .................................................. ........... 2
2.2 Exemptions .................................................. .................................................. .................................... 2
2.3 Safety, Health and Environmental Codes Take Precedence .................................................. ............ 2
3. Administration and Enforcement....................................... .................................................. ......................... 3
3.1 Compliance Requirements...................................... .................................................. .......................... 3
3.2 Compliance Approaches .................................................. .................................................. ................. 4
3.3 Administrative Requirements .................................................. .................................................. .......... 4
3.4 Compliance Documents .................................................. .................................................. .................. 4
4. Envelope.......................................... .................................................. .................................................. ....... 6
4.1 General .................................................. .................................................. .......................................... 6
4.2 Mandatory Requirements...................................... .................................................. ........................... 6
4.3 Prescriptive Requirements .................................................. .................................................. .............. 6
4.4 Building Envelope Trade-Off Option .................................................. ................................................. 9
5. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning .................................................. ................................................ 10
5.1 General .................................................. .................................................. ........................................ 10
5.2 Mandatory Requirements...................................... .................................................. .......................... 10
5.3 Prescriptive Requirements .................................................. .................................................. ............ 15
6. Service Hot Water and Pumping........................................... .................................................. ................... 17
6.1 General .................................................. .................................................. ........................................ 17
6.2 Mandatory Requirements...................................... .................................................. .......................... 17
7. Lighting .................................................. .................................................. ................................................. 20
7.1 General .................................................. .................................................. ........................................ 20
7.2 Mandatory Requirements...................................... .................................................. .......................... 20
7.3 Interior Lighting Power .................................................. .................................................. .................. 21
7.4 Exterior Lighting Power .................................................. .................................................. ................. 25
8. Electrical Power .................................................. .................................................. .................................... 27
8.1 General .................................................. .................................................. ........................................ 27
8.2 Mandatory Requirements...................................... .................................................. .......................... 27
9. Appendix A - Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms.......................................... .................................. 30
9.1 General .................................................. .................................................. ........................................ 30
9.2 Definitions .................................................. .................................................. .................................... 30
9.3 Abbreviations and Acronyms .................................................. .................................................. ........ 40
10. Appendix B – Whole Building Performance Method .................................................. ................................ 42
10.1 General .................................................. .................................................. ........................................ 42
10.2 Simulation General Requirements .................................................. .................................................. 42
10.3 Calculating the Energy Consumption of the Proposed Design and the Standard Design................. 43
11. Appendix C - IP Table Conversions....................................... .................................................. .................. 47
12. Appendix D – Default Values for Typical Constructions .................................................. .......................... 53
12.1 Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product U-Factor and Solar Heat Gain Coefficient........... 53
12.2 Default U-Factors and Solar Heat Gain Coefficients for Unrated Fenestration Products ................. 54
12.3 Typical Roof Constructions .................................................. .................................................. ........... 54
12.4 Typical Wall Constructions..................................... .................................................. ......................... 55
13. Appendix E – Building Envelope Tradeoff Method .................................................. .................................. 57
14. Appendix F – Climate Zone Map Of India............................................. .................................................. ... 60
15. Appendix G – Air-Side Economizer Acceptance Procedures .................................................. .................. 61
15.1 Construction Inspection........................................ .................................................. ........................... 61
15.2 Equipment Testing .................................................. .................................................. ........................ 61
Table of Contents
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 vii
16. Appendix H – Compliance Forms .................................................. .................................................. .......... 62
16.1 Envelop Summary........................................... .................................................. ............................... 62
16.2 Building Permit Plans Checklist......................................... .................................................. .............. 63
16.3 Mechanical Summary........................................... .................................................. ........................... 64
16.4 Mechanical Checklist......................................... .................................................. ............................. 65
16.5 Lighting Summary .................................................. .................................................. ......................... 66
16.6 Lighting Permit Checklist......................................... .................................................. ........................ 67
Purpose
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 1
1. Purpose
The purpose of this code is to provide minimum requirements for the energy-efficient design
and construction of buildings.
Scope
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 2
2. Scope
The code is mandatory for commercial buildings or building complexes that have a connected
load of 500 kW or greater or a contract demand of 600 kVA or greater. The code is also
applicable to all buildings with a conditioned floor area of 1,000 m2 (10,000 ft2) or greater.
The code is recommended for all other buildings.
2.1 Applicable Building Systems
The provisions of this code apply to:
(a) Building envelopes, except for unconditioned storage spaces or warehouses,
(b) Mechanical systems and equipment, including heating, ventilating, and air
conditioning,
(c) Service hot water heating,
(d) Interior and exterior lighting, and
(e) Electrical power and motors.
2.2 Exemptions
The provisions of this code do not apply to:
(a) Buildings that do not use either electricity or fossil fuel,
(b) Equipment and portions of building systems that use energy primarily for
manufacturing processes, and
(c) Multi-family buildings of three or fewer stories above grade, and single-family
buildings.
2.3 Safety, Health and Environmental Codes Take Precedence
Where this code is found to conflict with safety, health, or environmental codes, the safety,
health, or environmental codes shall take precedence.
Administration and Enforcement
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 3
3. Administration and Enforcement
3.1 Compliance Requirements
3.1.1 Mandatory Requirements
Compliance with the requirements of this energy code shall be mandatory for all applicable
buildings discussed in §2.
3.1.2 New Buildings
New buildings shall comply with either the provisions of §4 through §8 of this code or the
Energy Budget Method of §10.
3.1.3 Additions to Existing Buildings
Where the addition plus the existing building exceeds the conditioned floor area threshold of
§2, additions shall comply with the provisions of §4 through §8. Compliance may be
demonstrated in either of the following ways:
(a) The addition alone shall comply with the applicable requirements, or
(b) The addition, together with the entire existing building, shall comply with the
requirements of this code that would apply to the entire building, as if it were a new
building.
Exception to § 3.1.3: When space conditioning is provided by existing systems and
equipment, the existing systems and equipment need not comply with this code. However,
any new equipment installed must comply with specific requirements applicable to that
equipment.
3.1.4 Alterations to Existing Buildings
Where the existing building exceeds the conditioned floor area threshold in §2, portions of a
building and its systems that are being altered shall meet the provisions of §4 through §8.
The specific requirements for alterations are described in the following subsections.
Exception to § 3.1.4: When the entire building complies with all of the provisions of §4
through §8 as if it were a new building.
3.1.4.1 Building Envelope
Alterations to the building envelope shall comply with the requirements of §4 for fenestration,
insulation, and air leakage applicable to the portions of the buildings and its systems being
altered.
Exception to § 3.1.4.1: The following alterations need not comply with these requirements
provided such alterations do not increase the energy usage of the building:
(a) Replacement of glass in an existing sash and frame, provided the U-factor and SHGC
of the replacement glazing are equal to or lower than the existing glazing,
(b) Modifications to roof/ceiling, wall, or floor cavities, which are insulated to full depth
with insulation, and
(c) Modifications to walls and floors without cavities and where no new cavities are
created.
3.1.4.2 Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Alterations to building heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning equipment or systems shall
comply with the requirements of §5 applicable to the portions of the building and its systems
being altered. Any new equipment or control devices installed in conjunction with the
alteration shall comply with the specific requirements applicable to that equipment or control
device.
Administration and Enforcement
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 4
3.1.4.3 Service Water Heating
Alterations to building service water heating equipment or systems shall comply with the
requirements of § 6 applicable to the portions of the building and its systems being altered.
Any new equipment or control devices installed in conjunction with the alteration shall comply
with the specific requirements applicable to that equipment or control device.
3.1.4.4 Lighting
Alterations to building lighting equipment or systems shall comply with the requirements of §
7 applicable to the portions of the building and its systems being altered. New lighting
systems, including controls, installed in an existing building and any change of building area
type as listed in Table 7.3.1 shall be considered an alteration. Any new equipment or control
devices installed in conjunction with the alteration shall comply with the specific requirements
applicable to that equipment or control device.
Exception to § 3.1.4.4: Alterations that replace less than 50% of the luminaires in a space
need not comply with these requirements provided such alterations do not increase the
connected lighting load.
3.1.4.5 Electric Power and Motors
Alterations to building electric power systems and motor shall comply with the requirements
of § 8 applicable to the portions of the building and its systems being altered. Any new
equipment or control devices installed in conjunction with the alteration shall comply with the
specific requirements applicable to that equipment or control device.
3.2 Compliance Approaches
The building shall comply with the mandatory provisions (§ 4.2, § 5.2, § 6.2, § 7.2, and §
8.2) and either of the
(a) Prescriptive Method (§ 4.3, § 5.3, § 7.3 and § 7.4), or
Exception to § 3.2(a): The envelope trade-off option of § 4.4 may be used in place of the
prescriptive criteria of § 4.3.
(b) Energy Budget Method (Appendix 10).
3.3 Administrative Requirements
Administrative requirements relating to permit requirements, enforcement, interpretations,
claims of exemption, approved calculation methods, and rights of appeal are specified by the
authority having jurisdiction.
3.4 Compliance Documents
3.4.1 General
Plans and specifications shall show all pertinent data and features of the building, equipment,
and systems in sufficient detail to permit the authority having jurisdiction to verify that the
building complies with the requirements of this code. Details shall include, but are not limited
to:
(a) Building Envelope: insulation materials and their R-values; fenestration U-factors,
solar heat gain coefficients (SHGC), visible light transmittance (if the trade-off
procedure is used), and air leakage; overhangs and sidefins, building envelope
sealing details;
(b) Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning: system and equipment types, sizes,
efficiencies, and controls; economizers; variable speed drives; piping insulation; duct
sealing, insulation and location; requirement for balance report;
(c) Service Hot Water and Pumping: solar water heating system;
(d) Lighting: lighting schedule showing type, number, and wattage of lamps and ballasts;
automatic lighting shutoff, occupancy sensors, and other lighting controls; lamp
Administration and Enforcement
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 5
efficacy for exterior lamps;
(e) Electrical Power: electric schedule showing transformer losses, motor efficiencies,
and power factor correction devices; electric check metering and monitoring system.
3.4.2 Supplemental Information
The authority having jurisdiction may require supplemental information necessary to verify
compliance with this code, such as calculations, worksheets, compliance forms,
manufacturer’s literature, or other data.
Envelope
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 6
4. Envelope
4.1 General
The building envelope shall comply with the mandatory provisions of § 4.2 and either the
prescriptive criteria of § 4.3 or the trade-off option of § 4.4.
4.2 Mandatory Requirements
4.2.1 Fenestration
4.2.1.1 U-factors
U-factors shall be determined for the overall fenestration product (including the sash and
frame) in accordance with ISO-15099, as specified in Appendix 12, by an accredited
independent laboratory, and labeled and certified by the manufacturer or other responsible
party. U-factors for sloped glazing and skylights shall be determined at a slope of 20 degrees
above the horizontal. For unrated products, use the default table in Appendix 12.
4.2.1.2 Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC)
SHGC shall be determined for the overall fenestration product (including the sash and frame)
in accordance with ISO-15099, as specified in Appendix 12, by an accredited independent
laboratory, and labeled and certified by the manufacturer or other responsible party.
Exceptions to § 4.2.1.2:
(a) Shading coefficient (SC) of the center glass alone multiplied by 0.86 is an acceptable
alternate for compliance with the SHGC requirements for the overall fenestration
area.
(b) Solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) of the glass alone is an acceptable alternate for
compliance with the SHGC requirements for the overall fenestration product.
4.2.1.3 Air Leakage
Air leakage for glazed swinging entrance doors and revolving doors shall not exceed 5.0 l/sm2.
Air leakage for other fenestration and doors shall not exceed 2.0 l/s-m2.
4.2.2 Opaque Construction
U-factors shall be determined from the default tables in Appendix 12 or determined from data
or procedures contained in the ASHRAE Fundamentals, 2005.
4.2.3 Building Envelope Sealing
The following areas of the enclosed building envelope shall be sealed, caulked, gasketed, or
weather-stripped to minimize air leakage:
(a) Joints around fenestration and door frames,
(b) Openings between walls and foundations and between walls and roof and wall
panels,
(c) Openings at penetrations of utility services through, roofs, walls, and floors
(d) Site-built fenestration and doors,
(e) Building assemblies used as ducts or plenums, and
(f) All other openings in the building envelope.
4.3 Prescriptive Requirements
4.3.1 Roofs
Roofs shall comply with either the maximum assembly U-factor or the minimum insulation Rvalue
in Table 4.3.1. R-value is for the insulation alone and does not include building
Envelope
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 7
materials or air films. The roof insulation shall not be located on a suspended ceiling with
removable ceiling panels.
Table 4.3.1 Roof assembly U-factor and Insulation R-value Requirements*
Climate Zone
24-Hour use buildings
Hospitals, Hotels, Call Centers etc.
Daytime use buildings
Other Building Types
Maximum U-factor
of the overall
assembly
(W/m2-°C)
Minimum R-value of
insulation alone
(m2-°C/W)
Maximum U-factor of the
overall assembly
(W/m2-°C)
Minimum R-value
of insulation alone
(m2-°C/W)
Composite U-0.261 R-3.5 U-0.409 R-2.1
Hot and Dry U-0.261 R-3.5 U-0.409 R-2.1
Warm and Humid U-0.261 R-3.5 U-0.409 R-2.1
Moderate U-0.409 R-2.1 U-0.409 R-2.1
Cold U-0.261 R-3.5 U-0.409 R-2.1
*See Appendix 12.3 for typical complying roof constructions.
4.3.1.1 Cool Roofs
Roofs with slopes less than 20 degrees shall have an initial solar reflectance of no less than
0.70 and an initial emittance no less than 0.75. Solar reflectance shall be determined in
accordance with ASTM E903-96 and emittance shall be determined in accordance with ASTM
E408-71 (RA 1996).
4.3.2 Opaque Walls
Opaque walls shall comply with either the maximum assembly U-factor or the minimum
insulation R-value in Table 4.3.2. R-value is for the insulation alone and does not include
building materials or air films.
Table 4.3.2 Opaque Wall Assembly U-factor and Insulation R-value Requirements
Climate Zone
Hospitals, Hotels, Call Centers
(24-Hour)
Other Building Types
(Daytime)
Maximum U-factor
of the overall
assembly
(W/m2-°C)
Minimum R-value of
insulation alone
(m2-°C/W)
Maximum U-factor of the
overall assembly
(W/m2-°C)
Minimum R-value
of insulation alone
(m2-°C/W)
Composite U-0.352 R-2.35 U-0.352 R-2.35
Hot and Dry U-0.369 R-2.20 U-0.352 R-2.35
Warm and Humid U-0.352 R-2.35 U-0.352 R-2.35
Moderate U-0.431 R-1.80 U-0.397 R-2.00
Cold U-0.369 R-2.20 U-0.352 R-2.35
See Appendix 12.4 for typical complying wall constructions.
Exception to § 4.3.2: Until December 31, 2007, the wall assembly U-factor is allowed to be U-
0.440 maximum or insulation R-2.10 minimum
4.3.3 Vertical Fenestration
Vertical fenestration shall comply with the maximum area weighted U-factor and maximum
area weighted SHGC requirements of Table 4.3.3-1. Vertical fenestration area is limited to a
maximum of 40% of the gross wall area for the prescriptive requirement.
Envelope
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 8
Table 4.3.3-1 Vertical Fenestration U-factor and SHGC Requirements (U-factor in W/m2-°C)
Climate Maximum U-factor Maximum SHGC
Composite 3.177 0.25
Hot and Dry 3.177 0.25
Warm and Humid 3.177 0.25
Moderate 6.922 0.40
Cold 4.085 0.51
See Appendix 12.2.1 for typical complying vertical fenestration constructions.
Exception to § 4.3.3: Overhangs and/or side fins may be applied in determining the SHGC for
the proposed design. An adjusted SHGC, accounting for overhangs and/or sidefins, is
calculated by multiplying the SHGC of the unshaded fenestration product times a
multiplication (M) factor. If this exception is applied, a separate M Factor shall be determined
for each orientation and unique shading condition.
Table 4.3.3-2 SHGC “M” Factor Adjustments for Overhangs and Fins
Overhang “M” Factors
for 4 Projection
Factors
Vertical Fin “M”
Factors
for 4 Projection
Factors
Overhang+Fin “M”
Factors for 4 Projection
Factors
Project
Location Orientation 0.25-
0.49
-0.50
- 0.74
0.75
-
0.99
1.00
+
0.25
-
0.49
0.50
-
0.74
0.75
-
0.99
1.00
+ 0.25 -
0.49
0.50 -
0.74
0.75 -
0.99
1.00
+
N .88 .80 .76 .73 .74 .67 .58 .52 .64 .51 .39 .31
E/W .79 .65 .56 .50 .80 .72 .65 .60 .60 .39 .24 .16
North
latitude 15°
or greater
S .79 .64 .52 .43 .79 .69 .60 .56 .60 .33 .10 .02
N .83 .74 .69 .66 .73 .65 .57 .50 .59 .44 .32 .23
E/W .80 .67 .59 .53 .80 .72 .63 .58 .61 .41 .26 .16
Less than
15° North
latitude
S .78 .62 .55 .50 .74 .65 .57 .50 .53 .30 .12 .04
Exception to SHGC Requirements in § 4.3.3: Vertical Fenestration areas located more than
2.2 m (7 ft) above the level of the floor are exempt from the SHGC requirement in Table
4.3.3-1, if the following conditions are complied with:
(a) Total Effective Aperture: The total Effective Aperture for the elevation is less than
0.25, including all fenestration areas greater than 1.0 m (3 ft) above the floor level;
and,
(b) An interior light shelf is provided at the bottom of this fenestration area, with an
interior projection factor (PF) not less than:
i. 1.0 for E-W, SE, SW, NE, and NW orientations
ii. 0.5 for S orientation, and
iii. 0.35 for N orientation when latitude is < 23 degrees.
4.3.3.1 Minimum Visible Transmission (VT) of Glazing for Vertical Fenestration
To permit the use of available daylighting in place of electric lighting, glazing products used
in offices, banks, libraries, classrooms with predominant daytime usage, must have the
minimum visual transmittance (VT), defined as function of WWR, where Effective Aperture >
0.1, equal to or greater than the Minimum VT requirements of Table 4.3.3.1. The table also
indicates recommended VT ranges for daylight applications in such spaces.
Envelope
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 9
Table 4.3.3.1 Minimum VT Requirements
WWR Minimum VT
0 - 0.3 0.27
0.31-0.4 0.20
0.41-0.5 0.16
0.51-0.6 0.13
0.61-0.7 0.11
4.3.4 Skylights
Skylights shall comply with the maximum U-factor and maximum SHGC requirements of
Table 4.3.4 Skylight area is limited to a maximum of 5% of the gross roof area for the
prescriptive requirement.
Table 4.3.4 Skylight U-factor and SHGC Requirements (U-factor in W/m2-°C)
Maximum U-factor Maximum SHGC
Climate With Curb w/o Curb 0-2% SRR 2.1-5% SRR
Composite 11.24 7.717 0.40 0.25
Hot and Dry 11.24 7.717 0.40 0.25
Warm and Humid 11.24 7.717 0.40 0.25
Moderate 11.24 7.717 0.61 0.4
Cold 11.24 7.717 0.61 0.4
SRR = Skylight roof ratio which is the ratio of the total skylight area of the roof, measured to the outside of the frame,
to the gross exterior roof.
See § 12.2.2 for typical complying skylight constructions.
4.4 Building Envelope Trade-Off Option
The building envelope complies with the code if the building envelope performance factor
(EPF) of the proposed design is less than the standard design, where the standard design
exactly complies with the criteria in § 4.3. The envelope trade-off equation is found in
Appendix 13.
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 10
5. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
5.1 General
All heating, ventilation and air conditioning equipment and systems shall comply with the
mandatory provisions of § 5.2 and the prescriptive criteria of § 5.3.
5.2 Mandatory Requirements
5.2.1 Natural Ventilation
Natural ventilation shall comply with the design guidelines provided for natural ventilation in
the National Building Code of India 2005 Part 8, 5.4.3 and 5.7.1.1
5.2.2 Minimum Equipment Efficiencies
Cooling equipment shall meet or exceed the minimum efficiency requirements presented in
Tables 5.2.2-1 through 5.2.2-5. Heating and cooling equipment not listed here shall comply
with ASHRAE 90.1-2004 § 6.4.1.
Table 5.2.2-1 Unitary Air Conditioning Equipment
Equipment Class Minimum COP Minimum IPLV Test Standard
Unitary Air Cooled Air Conditioner ≥19 and <40 kW
( ≥5.4 and <11 tons )
3.08 ARI 210/240
Unitary Air Cooled Air Conditioner ≥40 to <70 kW
(≥11 to <20 tons)
3.08 ARI 340/360
Unitary Air Cooled Air Conditioner ≥70 kW
( ≥20 tons)
2.93 2.99 ARI 340/360
Unitary Water Cooled Air Conditioner <19 kW
(<5.4 tons)
4.10 ARI 210/240
Unitary Water Cooled Air Conditioner ≥19 and <40 kW
( ≥5.4 and <11 tons )
4.10 ARI 210/240
Unitary Water Cooled Air Conditioner ≥<40 kW
( ≥11 tons )
3.22 3.02 ARI 210/240
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 11
Table 5.2.2-2 Chillers
Equipment Class Minimum COP Minimum IPLV Test Standard
Air Cooled Chiller <530 kW
(<150 tons)
2.90 3.16 ARI 550/590-
1998
Air Cooled Chiller ≥530 kW
(≥150 tons)
3.05 3.32 ARI 550/590-
1998
Centrifugal Water Cooled Chiller < 530 kW
(<150 tons)
5.80 6.09 ARI 550/590-
1998
Centrifugal Water Cooled Chiller ≥530 and <1050 kW
( ≥150 and <300 tons)
5.80 6.17 ARI 550/590-
1998
Centrifugal Water Cooled Chiller ≥ 1050 kW
(≥ 300 tons)
6.30 6.61 ARI 550/590-
1998
Reciprocating Compressor, Water Cooled Chiller all sizes 4.20 5.05 ARI 550/590-
1998
Rotary Screw and Scroll Compressor, Water Cooled
Chiller <530 kW
(<150 tons)
4.70 5.49 ARI 550/590-
1998
Rotary Screw and Scroll Compressor, Water Cooled
Chiller ≥530 and <1050 kW
(≥150 and <300 tons)
5.40 6.17 ARI 550/590-
1998
Rotary Screw and Scroll Compressor, Water Cooled
Chiller ≥ 1050 kW
(≥ 300 tons)
5.75 6.43 ARI 550/590-
1998
Table 5.2.2-3 Heat Pumps Heating Mode
Equipment Type Size Category (Input) Subcategory or
Rating Condition
Performance Requireda Test
Procedureb
Split System 6.8 HSPF
(before 1/23/2006)
7.4 HSPF
(as of 1/23/2006)
Air Cooled
(Heating Mode)
<19 kW
(Cooling Capacity)
Single Package 6.6 HSPF
(before 1/23/2006)
7.4 HSPF
(as of 1/23/2006)
ARI 210/240
8°C db/6°C wb Outdoor
air
≥19 kW and <40 kW 3.2 COP
(Cooling Capacity)
-8°C db/-9°C wb
Outdoor Air
2.2 COP
8°C db/6°C wb Outdoor
air
3.1 COP
Air Cooled
(Heating Mode)
≥40 kW
(Cooling Capacity)
-8°C db/-9°C wb
Outdoor Air
2.0 COP
ARI 340/360
a IPLVs and Part load rating conditions are only applicable to equipment with capacity modulation.
b Section 12 of ASHRAE 90.1-2004 contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure, including the
referenced year version of the test procedure.
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 12
Table 5.2.2-4 Furnaces
Equipment Type Size Category (Input) Subcategory or
Rating Condition
Performance Requireda Test
Procedureb
<66 kW 78% AFUE or 80% Et
d DOE 10 CFR
Part 430 or
ANSI Z21.47
Warm Air Furnace, Gas-
Fired
≥66 kW Maximum Capacitye 80% Ec
c ANSA Z21.47
<66 kW 78% AFUE or 80% Et
d DOE 10 CFR
Part 430 or
ANSI Z21.47
Warm Air Furnace, Oil-
Fired
≥66 kW Maximum Capacitye 81% Et
f UL 727
Warm- Air Duct Furnaces,
Gas-Fired
All Capacities Maximum Capacitye 80% Ec
g ANSI Z83.9
Warm Air Unit Heaters,
Gas-Fired
All Capacities Maximum Capacitye 80% Ec
g ANSI Z83.8
Warm Air Unit Heaters,
Oil-Fired
All Capacities Maximum Capacitye 80% Ec
g UL 731
a Et = thermal efficiency. See test procedure for detailed discussion.
b Section 12 of ASHRAE 90.1-2004 contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure, including the
referenced year version of the test procedure.
c Ec = combustion efficiency. Units must also include an interrupted or intermittent ignition device (IID), have jacket losses
not exceeding 0.75% of the input rating, and have either power venting or a flue damper. A vent damper is an acceptable
alternative to a flue damper for those furnaces where combustion air is drawn from the conditioned space.
d Combination units not covered by NAECA (3-phase power or cooling capacity greater than or equal to 65,000 Btu/h may
comply with either rating.
e Minimum and maximum ratings as provided for and allowed by the unit’s controls.
f Et = thermal efficiency. Units must also include and interrupted or intermittent ignition device (IDD), have jacket losses
not exceeding 0.75% of the input rating, and have either power venting or a flue damper. A vent damper is an acceptable
alternativ3 to a flue damper for those furnaces where combustion air is drawn form the conditioned space.
g Ec = combustion efficiency (100% less flue losses). See test procedure for detailed discussion.
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 13
Table 5.2.2-5 Boilers
Equipment Type Size Category (Input) Subcategory or
Rating Condition
Performance Requiredb Test
Procedurec
<88 kW Hot Water 80% AFUE
Steam 75% AFUE
DOE 10 CFR
Part 430
≥88 kW and ≤733 kW Maximum Capacityd 75% Et
b
>733 kWa Hot Water 80% Ec
Boilers, Gas-Fired
>733 kWa Steam 80% Ec
H.I. Htg Boiler
Std.
<88 kW 80% AFUE DOE 10 CFR
Part 430
≥88 kW and ≤733 kW Maximum Capacityd 78% Et
b
>733 kWa Hot Water 83% Ec
Boilers, Oil-Fired
>733 kWa Steam 83% Ec
H.I. Htg Boiler
Std.
≥88 kW and ≤733 kW Maximum Capacityd 78% Et
b
>733 kWa Hot Water 83% Ec
Oil-Fired (Residual)
>733 kWa Steam 83% Ec
H.I. Htg Boiler
Std.
a These requirements apply to boilers with rated input of 2,345 kW or less that are not packaged boilers, and to all
packaged boilers. Minimum efficiency requirements for boilers cover all capacities of packaged boilers.
b Et = thermal efficiency. See reference document for detailed information.
c Section 12 of ASHRAE 90.1-2004 contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure, including the
referenced year version of the test procedure.
d Minimum and maximum ratings as provided for and allowed by the unit’s controls.
5.2.3 Controls
5.2.3.1 All mechanical cooling and heating systems shall be controlled by a timeclock that:
(a) Can start and stop the system under different schedules for three different day-types
per week,
(b) Is capable of retaining programming and time setting during a loss of power for a
period of at least 10 hours, and
(c) Includes an accessible manual override that allows temporary operation of the
system for up to 2 hours.
Exceptions to 5.2.3.1:
(a) Cooling systems < 28 kW (8 tons)
(b) Heating systems < 7 kW (2 tons)
5.2.3.2 All heating and cooling equipment shall be temperature controlled. Where a unit
provides both heating and cooling, controls shall be capable of providing a temperature
dead band of 3°C (5°F) within which the supply of heating and cooling energy to the zone
is shut off or reduced to a minimum. Where separate heating and cooling equipment serve
the same temperature zone, thermostats shall be interlocked to prevent simultaneous
heating and cooling.
5.2.3.3 All cooling towers and closed circuit fluid coolers shall have either two speed motors,
pony motors, or variable speed drives controlling the fans.
5.2.4 Piping and Ductwork
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Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 14
5.2.4.1 Piping for heating systems with a design operating temperature of 60°C (140°F) or
greater shall have at least R-0.70 (R-4) insulation. Piping for heating systems with a design
operating temperature less than 60°C (140°F) but greater than 40°C (104°F), piping for
cooling systems with a design operating temperature less than 15°C (59°F), and refrigerant
suction piping on split systems shall have at least R-0.35 (R-2) insulation. Insulation exposed
to weather shall be protected by aluminum sheet metal, painted canvas, or plastic cover.
Cellular foam insulation shall be protected as above, or be painted with water retardant
paint.
5.2.4.2 Ductwork shall be insulated in accordance with Table 5.2.4.2.
Table 5.2.4.2 Ductwork Insulation
Required Insulationa
Duct Location Supply Ducts Return Ducts
Exterior R-1.4 (R-8) R- 0.6 (R-3.5)
Ventilated Attic R-1.4 (R-8) R- 0.6 (R-3.5)
Unventilated Attic without Roof Insulation R-1.4 (R-8) R- 0.6 (R-3.5)
Unventilated Attic with Roof Insulation R- 0.6 (R-3.5) No Requirement
Unconditioned Spaceb R- 0.6 (R-3.5) No Requirement
Indirectly Conditioned Spacec No Requirement No Requirement
Buried R- 0.6 (R-3.5) No Requirement
a Insulation R-value is measured on a horizontal plane in accordance with ASTM C518 at a mean temperature of
24°C (75°F) at the installed thickness
b Includes crawlspaces, both ventilated and non-ventilated
c Includes return air plenums with or without exposed roofs above.
5.2.4.3 Ductwork shall be sealed in accordance with Table 5.2.4.3.
Table 5.2.4.3 Ductwork Sealing
Supply Ducts
Duct Location < 500 Pa
(2 inch w.g.)
≥500 Pa
( 2 inch w.g.)
Exhaust Ducts Return Ducts
Outside Conditioned Space ← ← None ←
Unconditioned Spaces ↑ ← None →
Indirectly Conditioned Spaces → ↑ → None
Return Air Plenums → ↑ → None
Cooled Spaces None →1 → None
← All joints and longitudinal seams, and at all duct wall penetrations. Snaplock longitudinal are not allowed.
Pressure sensitive tape shall not be used as the primary sealant.
↑ All joints and longitudinal seams. Pressure sensitive tape shall not be used as the primary sealant.
→ Transverse joints only.
1 Ducts within the conditioned space to which they supply air or from which they exhaust air need not be sealed.
Longitudinal seams are joints orientated in the direction of air flow. Transverse joints are connections of two duct
sections orientated perpendicular to airflow. Duct wall penetrations are openings made by any screw or fastener.
Spiral lock joints in round and flat oval duct need not be sealed. All other connections are considered joints including
but not limited to spin-ins, lateral taps and other branch connections, access door frames and jambs, duct
connections to equipment, etc.
Unless otherwise shown in design documents, ductwork between the supply fan and variable air volume boxes shall
be considered to be in the ≥500 Pa (2 in. w.g.) pressure classification, while all other ductwork of any application shall
be considered 250 Pa (1 in. w.g.) pressure classification.
5.2.5 System Balancing
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Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 15
5.2.5.1 General
Construction documents shall require that all HVAC systems be balanced in accordance with
generally accepted engineering standards.
Construction documents shall require that a written balance report be provided to the owner
or the designated representative of the building owner for HVAC systems serving zones with
a total conditioned area exceeding 500 m2 (5,000 ft2).
5.2.5.1.1 Air System Balancing
Air systems shall be balanced in a manner to first minimize throttling losses. Then, for fans
with fan system power greater than 0.75 kW (1.0 hp), fan speed shall be adjusted to meet
design flow conditions.
5.2.5.1.2 Hydronic System Balancing
Hydronic systems shall be proportionately balanced in a manner to first minimize throttling
losses; then the pump impeller shall be trimmed or pump speed shall be adjusted to meet
design flow conditions.
Exceptions to § 5.2.5.1.2:
(a) Impellers need not be trimmed nor pump speed adjusted for pumps with pump
motors of 7.5 kW (10 hp) or less,
(b) Impellers need not be trimmed when throttling results in no greater than 5% of the
nameplate horsepower draw, or 2.2 kW (3 hp), whichever is greater.
5.2.6 Condensers
5.2.6.1 Condenser Locations
Care shall be exercised in locating the condensers in such a manner that heat sink is free of
interference from heat discharge by devices located in adjoining spaces and also does not
interfere with such other systems installed nearby.
5.2.6.2 Treated Water for Condensers
All high-rise buildings using centralized cooling water system shall use soft water for the
condenser and chilled water system.
5.3 Prescriptive Requirements
Compliance shall be demonstrated with the requirements in § 5.3.1 through § 5.3.2 for each
HVAC system that meets the following criteria:
(a) Serves a single zone,
(b) Cooling (if any) is provided by a unitary packaged or split-system air conditioner or
heat pump,
(c) Heating (if any) is provided by a unitary packaged or split-system heat pump, fuelfired
furnace, electric resistance heater, or baseboards connected to a boiler, and
(d) Outside air quantity is less than 1,400 l/s (3000 cfm) and less than 70% of supply air
at design conditions.
Other HVAC systems shall comply with ASHRAE 90.1-2004, § 6.5.
5.3.1 Economizers
5.3.1.1 Air Side Economizer
Each individual cooling fan system that has a design supply capacity over 1,200 l/s (2,500
cfm) and a total mechanical cooling capacity over 22 kW (6.3 tons) shall include either:
(a) An air economizer capable of modulating outside-air and return-air dampers to supply
100 percent of the design supply air quantity as outside-air; or
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 16
(b) A water economizer capable of providing 100% of the expected system cooling load
at outside air temperatures of 10°C (50°F) dry-bulb/7.2°C (45°F) wet-bulb and
below.
Exception to § 5.3.1.1:
(a) Projects in the Hot-Dry and Warm-Humid climate zones are exempt.
(b) Individual ceiling mounted fan systems < 3,200 l/s (6,500 cfm) are exempt.
5.3.1.2 Where required by 5.3.1.1 economizers shall be capable of providing partial cooling
even when additional mechanical cooling is required to meet the cooling load.
5.3.1.3 Air-side economizers shall be tested in the field following the requirements in
Appendix 15 to ensure proper operation.
Exception to 5.3.1.3: Air economizers installed by the HVAC system equipment manufacturer
and certified to the building department as being factory calibrated and tested per the
procedures in Appendix 15.
5.3.2 Variable Flow Hydronic Systems
5.3.2.1 Chilled or hot-water systems shall be designed for variable fluid flow and shall be
capable of reducing pump flow rates to no more than the larger of:
(a) 50% of the design flow rate, or
(b) the minimum flow required by the equipment manufacturer for proper operation of
the chillers or boilers.
5.3.2.2 Water cooled air-conditioning or heat pump units with a circulation pump motor
greater than or equal to 3.7 kW (5 hp) shall have two-way automatic isolation valves on
each water cooled air-conditioning or heat pump unit that are interlocked with the
compressor to shut off condenser water flow when the compressor is not operating.
5.3.2.3 Chilled water or condenser water systems that must comply with either 5.3.2.1 or
5.3.2.2 and that have pump motors greater than or equal to 3.7 kW (5 hp) shall be
controlled by variable speed drives.
Service Hot Water & Pumping
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 17
6. Service Hot Water and Pumping
6.1 General
All service water heating equipment and systems shall comply with the mandatory provisions
of § 6.2.
6.2 Mandatory Requirements
6.2.1 Solar Water Heating
Residential facilities, hotels and hospitals with a centralized system shall have solar water
heating for at least 1/5 of the design capacity.
Exception to § 6.2.1: Systems that use heat recovery for at least 1/5 of the design capacity.
6.2.2 Equipment Efficiency
Service water heating equipment shall meet or exceed the minimum efficiency requirements
presented in Table 6.2.2.
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Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 18
Table 6.2.2 Minimum Efficiencies for Service Water Heating Equipment
Equipment Type Size Category
(Input)
Subcategory or
Rating Condition
Performance Requireda Test
Procedureb
≤12 kW Resistance ≥76 L 0.93-0.00132V EF DOE 10 CFR
Part 430
>12 kW Resistance ≥76 L 20 + 35 √V SL, Btu/h ANSI Z21.10.3
Electric Water
Heaters
≤24 Amps and
≤250 Volts
Heat Pump 0.93-0.00132V EF DOE 10 CFR
Part 430
≤23 kW ≥76 L 0.62-0.0019V EF DOE 10 CFR
Part 430
Gas Storage Water
Heaters
>23 kW <310 W/L
80% Et (Q/800 + 110 √V ) SL, Btu/h ANSI Z21.10.3
>15 kW and
<59 kW
≥310 W/L
and <8 L
0.62-0.0019V EF DOE 10 CFR
Part 430
≥59 kWc ≥310 W/L
and <38 L
80% Et
Gas Instantaneous
Water Heaters
≥59 kW ≥310 W/L
and ≥38 L
80% Et (Q/800 + 110 √V ) SL, Btu/h
ANSI Z21.10.3
≤31 kW ≥76 L 0.59-0.0019V EF DOE 10 CFR
Part 430
Oil Storage Water
Heaters
>31 kW <310 W/L
78% Et (Q/800 + 110 √V ) SL, Btu/h ANSI Z21.10.3
≤62 kW ≥310 W/L
and <8 L
0.59-0.0019V EF DOE 10 CFR
Part 430
>62 kW ≥310 W/L
and <38 L
80% Et
Oil Instantaneous
Water Heaters
>62 kW ≥310 W/L
and ≥38 L
78% Et (Q/800 + 110 √V ) SL, Btu/h
ANSI Z21.10.3
Hot Water Supply
Boilers, Gas and Oil
≥62 kW and
<3664 kW
≥310 W/L
and <38 L
80% Et
Hot Water Supply
Boilers, Gas
≥310 W/L
and ≥38 L
80% Et (Q/800 + 110 √V ) SL, Btu/h
Hot Water Supply
Boilers, Oil
≥310 W/L
and ≥38 L
78% Et (Q/800 + 110 √V )
SL, Btu/h
ANSI Z21.10.3
Pool Heaters
Oil and Gas
All 78% Et ASHRAE 146
Heat Pump Pool
Heaters
All 4.0 COP ASHRAE 146
Unfired Storage
Tanks
All R-2.2 (none)
a Energy factor (EF) and thermal efficiency (Et) are minimum requirements, while standby loss (SL) is maximum Btu/h based
on a 38.9°C temperature difference between stored water and ambient requirements. In the EF equation, V is the rated
volume in liters. In the SL equation, V is the rated volume in liters and Q is the nameplate input rate in W.
b Section 12 of ASHRAE 90.1-2004 contains a complete specification, including the year version, of the referenced test
procedure.
c Instantaneous water heaters with input rates below 58.62 W must comply with these requirements if the water heater is
designed to heat water to temperatures 82.2°C or higher.
6.2.3 Supplementary Water Heating System
Supplementary heating system shall be designed to maximize the energy efficiency of the
system and shall incorporate the following design features in cascade:
(a) Maximum heat recovery from hot discharge system like condensers of air
conditioning units,
Service Hot Water & Pumping
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 19
(b) Use of gas fired heaters wherever gas is available, and
(c) Electric heater as last resort.
6.2.4 Piping Insulation
Piping insulation shall comply with § 5.2.4.1. The entire hot water system including the
storage tanks, pipelines shall be insulated conforming to the relevant IS standards on
materials and applications.
6.2.5 Heat Traps
Vertical pipe risers serving storage water heaters and storage tanks not having integral heat
traps and serving a non-recirculating system shall have heat traps on both the inlet and
outlet piping as close as practical to the storage tank.
6.2.6 Swimming Pools
Heated pools shall be provided with a vapor retardant pool cover on or at the water surface.
Pools heated to more than 32°C (90°F) shall have a pool cover with a minimum insulation
value of R-2.1 (R-12).
Exception to § 6.2.6: Pools deriving over 60% of their energy from site-recovered energy or
solar energy source.
6.2.7 Compliance Documentation
The application for approval shall furnish detailed calculation showing the design to ensure
that at least 20% of the heating requirement shall be met from solar heat/heat recovery and
not more than 80% of the heat shall be met from electrical heating. Wherever gas is
available, not more than 20% of the heat shall be met from electrical heating.
Lighting
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 20
7. Lighting
7.1 General
Lighting systems and equipment shall comply with the mandatory provisions of § 7.2 and the
prescriptive criteria of § 7.3 and § 7.4. The lighting requirements in this section shall apply
to:
(a) Interior spaces of buildings,
(b) Exterior building features, including facades, illuminated roofs, architectural features,
entrances, exits, loading docks, and illuminated canopies, and,
(c) Exterior building grounds lighting that is provided through the building's electrical
service.
Exceptions to § 7.1:
(a) Emergency lighting that is automatically off during normal building operation and is
powered by battery, generator, or other alternate power source; and,
(b) Lighting in dwelling units.
7.2 Mandatory Requirements
7.2.1 Lighting Control
7.2.1.1 Automatic Lighting Shutoff
Interior lighting systems in buildings larger than 500 m2 (5,000 ft˛) shall be equipped with an
automatic control device. Within these buildings, all office areas less than 30 m2 (300 ft2)
enclosed by walls or ceiling-height partitions, all meeting and conference rooms, all school
classrooms, and all storage spaces shall be equipped with occupancy sensors. For other
spaces, this automatic control device shall function on either
(a) A scheduled basis at specific programmed times. An independent program schedule
shall be provided for areas of no more than 2,500 m2 (25,000 ft˛) and not more than
one floor; or,
(b) Occupancy sensors that shall turn the lighting off within 30 minutes of an occupant
leaving the space. Light fixtures controlled by occupancy sensors shall have a wallmounted,
manual switch capable of turning off lights when the space is occupied.
Exception to § 7.2.1.1: Lighting systems designed for 24-hour use.
7.2.1.2 Space Control
Each space enclosed by ceiling-height partitions shall have at least one control device to
independently control the general lighting within the space. Each control device shall be
activated either manually by an occupant or automatically by sensing an occupant. Each
control device shall
(a) Control a maximum of 250 m2 (2,500 ft2) for a space less than or equal to 1,000 m2
(10,000 ft2), and a maximum of 1,000 m2 (10,000 ft2) for a space greater than 1,000
m2 (10,000 ft2).
(b) Be capable of overriding the shutoff control required in 7.2.1.1 for no more than
2 hours, and
(c) Be readily accessible and located so the occupant can see the control.
Exception to § 7.2.1.2(c): The required control device may be remotely installed if required
for reasons of safety or security. A remotely located device shall have a pilot light indicator as
part of or next to the control device and shall be clearly labeled to identify the controlled
lighting.
Lighting
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 21
7.2.1.3 Control in Daylighted Areas
Luminaires in daylighted areas greater than 25 m2 (250 ft2) shall be equipped with either a
manual or automatic control device that:
(a) Is capable of reducing the light output of the luminaires in the daylighted areas by
at least 50%, and
(b) Controls only the luminaires located entirely within the daylighted area.
7.2.1.4 Exterior Lighting Control
Lighting for all exterior applications not exempted in § 7.4 shall be controlled by a
photosensor or astronomical time switch that is capable of automatically turning off the
exterior lighting when daylight is available or the lighting is not required.
7.2.1.5 Additional Control
The following lighting applications shall be equipped with a control device to control such
lighting independently of general lighting:
(a) Display/Accent Lighting. Display or accent lighting greater than 300 m2 (3,000 ft2)
area shall have a separate control device.
(b) Case Lighting. Lighting in cases used for display purposes greater than 300 m2 (3,000
ft2) area shall be equipped with a separate control device.
(c) Hotel and Motel Guest Room Lighting. Hotel and motel guest rooms and guest suites
shall have a master control device at the main room entry that controls all
permanently installed luminaires and switched receptacles.
(d) Task Lighting. Supplemental task lighting including permanently installed under shelf
or under cabinet lighting shall have a control device integral to the luminaires or be
controlled by a wall-mounted control device provided the control device complies
with 7.2.1.2(c).
(e) Nonvisual Lighting. Lighting for nonvisual applications, such as plant growth and
food-warming, shall be equipped with a separate control device.
(f) Demonstration Lighting. Lighting equipment that is for sale or for demonstrations in
lighting education shall be equipped with a separate control device accessible only to
authorized personnel.
7.2.2 Exit Signs
Internally-illuminated exit signs shall not exceed 5 W per face.
7.2.3 Exterior Building Grounds Lighting
Lighting for exterior building grounds luminaires which operate at greater than 100 W shall
contain lamps having a minimum efficacy of 60 lm/W unless the luminaire is controlled by a
motion sensor or exempt under § 7.1.
7.3 Interior Lighting Power
The installed interior lighting power for a building or a separately metered or permitted
portion of a building shall be calculated in accordance with § 7.3.3 and shall not exceed the
interior lighting power allowance determined in accordance with either § 7.3.1 or § 7.3.2.
Tradeoffs of interior lighting power allowance among portions of the building for which a
different method of calculation has been used are not permitted.
Exception to § 7.3: The following lighting equipment and applications shall not be considered
when determining the interior lighting power allowance, nor shall the wattage for such
lighting be included in the installed interior lighting power. However, any such lighting shall
not be exempt unless it is an addition to general lighting and is controlled by an independent
control device.
(a) Display or accent lighting that is an essential element for the function performed in
Lighting
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 22
galleries, museums, and monuments,
(b) Lighting that is integral to equipment or instrumentation and is installed by its
manufacturer,
(c) Lighting specifically designed for medical or dental procedures and lighting integral to
medical equipment,
(d) Lighting integral to food warming and food preparation equipment,
(e) Lighting for plant growth or maintenance,
(f) Lighting in spaces specifically designed for use by the visually impaired,
(g) Lighting in retail display windows, provided the display area is enclosed by ceilingheight
partitions,
(h) Lighting in interior spaces that have been specifically designated as a registered
interior historic landmark,
(i) Lighting that is an integral part of advertising or directional signage,
(j) Exit signs,
(k) Lighting that is for sale or lighting educational demonstration systems,
(l) Lighting for theatrical purposes, including performance, stage, and film or video
production, and
(m) Athletic playing areas with permanent facilities for television broadcasting.
7.3.1 Building Area Method
Determination of interior lighting power allowance (watts) by the building area method shall
be in accordance with the following:
(a) Determine the allowed lighting power density from Table 7.3.1 for each appropriate
building area type.
(b) Calculate the gross lighted floor area for each building area type.
(c) The interior lighting power allowance is the sum of the products of the gross lighted floor
area of each building area times the allowed lighting power density for that building area
types.
Lighting
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 23
Table 7.3.1 Interior Lighting Power - Building Area Method
Building Area Type LPD (W/m2) Building Area Type LPD (W/m2)
Automotive Facility 9.7 Multifamily 7.5
Convention Center 12.9 Museum 11.8
Court House 12.9 Office 10.8
Dining: Bar Lounge/Leisure 14.0 Parking Garage 3.2
Dining: Cafeteria/Fast Food 15.1 Penitentiary 10.8
Dining: Family 17.2 Performing Arts Theater 17.2
Dormitory 10.8 Police/Fire Station 10.8
Exercise Center 10.8 Post Office 11.8
Gymnasium 11.8 Religious Building 14.0
Healthcare-Clinic 10.8 Retail 16.1
Hospital/Health Care 12.9 School/University 12.9
Hotel 10.8 Sports Arena 11.8
Library 14.0 Town Hall 11.8
Manufacturing Facility 14.0 Transportation 10.8
Motel 10.8 Warehouse 8.6
Motion Picture Theater 12.9 Workshop 15.1
In cases where both a general building area type and a specific building area type are listed, the specific building
area type shall apply.
7.3.2 Space Function Method
Determination of interior lighting power allowance (watts) by the space function method shall
be in accordance with the following:
(a) Determine the appropriate building type from Table 7.3.2 and the allowed lighting power
density.
(b) For each space enclosed by partitions 80% or greater than ceiling height, determine the
gross interior floor area by measuring to the center of the partition wall. Include the floor
area of balconies or other projections. Retail spaces do not have to comply with the 80%
partition height requirements.
(c) The interior lighting power allowance is the sum of the lighting power allowances for all
spaces. The lighting power allowance for a space is the product of the gross lighted floor
area of the space times the allowed lighting power density for that space.
Lighting
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 24
Table 7.3.2 Interior Lighting Power – Space Function Method
Space Function LPD (W/m2) Space Function LPD (W/m2)
Office-enclosed 11.8 Library
Office-open plan 11.8 Card File & Cataloging 11.8
Conference/Meeting/Multipurpose 14.0 Stacks 18.3
Classroom/Lecture/Training 15.1 Reading Area 12.9
Lobby 14.0 Hospital
For Hotel 11.8 Emergency 29.1
For Performing Arts Theater 35.5 Recovery 8.6
For Motion Picture Theater 11.8 Nurse Station 10.8
Audience/Seating Area 9.7 Exam Treatment 16.1
For Gymnasium 4.3 Pharmacy 12.9
For Exercise Center 3.2 Patient Room 7.5
For Convention Center 7.5 Operating Room 23.7
For Religious Buildings 18.3 Nursery 6.5
For Sports Arena 4.3 Medical Supply 15.1
For Performing Arts Theater 28.0 Physical Therapy 9.7
For Motion Picture Theater 12.9 Radiology 4.3
For Transportation 5.4 Laundry – Washing 6.5
Atrium-first three floors 6.5 Automotive – Service Repair 7.5
Atrium-each additional floor 2.2 Manufacturing
Lounge/Recreation 12.9 Low Bay (<8m ceiling) 12.9
For Hospital 8.6 High Bay (>8m ceiling) 18.3
Dining Area 9.7 Detailed Manufacturing 22.6
For Hotel 14.0 Equipment Room 12.9
For Motel 12.9 Control Room 5.4
For Bar Lounge/Leisure Dining 15.1 Hotel/Motel Guest Rooms 11.8
For Family Dining 22.6 Dormitory – Living Quarters 11.8
Food Preparation 12.9 Museum
Laboratory 15.1 General Exhibition 10.8
Restrooms 9.7 Restoration 18.3
Dressing/Locker/Fitting Room 6.5 Bank Office – Banking Activity Area 16.1
Corridor/Transition 5.4 Religions Buildings
For Hospital 10.8 Worship-pulpit, choir 25.8
For Manufacturing Facility 5.4 Fellowship Hall 9.7
Stairs-active 6.5 Retail
Active Storage 8.6 Sales Area 18.3
For Hospital 9.7 Mall Concourse 18.3
Inactive Storage 3.2 Sports Arena
For Museum 8.6 Ring Sports Area 29.1
Electrical/Mechanical 16.1 Court Sports Area 24.8
Workshop 20.5 Indoor Field Area 15.1
Sleeping Quarters 3.2 Warehouse
Lighting
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 25
Table 7.3.2 Interior Lighting Power – Space Function Method
Space Function LPD (W/m2) Space Function LPD (W/m2)
Convention Center – Exhibit Space 14.0 Fine Material Storage 15.1
Medium/Bulky Material Storage 9.7
Parking Garage – Garage Area 2.2
Transportation
Airport – Concourse 6.5
Air/Train/Bus – Baggage Area 10.8
Terminal – Ticket Counter 16.1
7.3.3 Installed Interior Lighting Power
The installed interior lighting power calculated for compliance with § 7.3 shall include all
power used by the luminaires, including lamps, ballasts, current regulators, and control
devices except as specifically exempted in § 7.1.
Exception to § 7.3.3: If two or more independently operating li
hope all of you who are in Personnel/ admin, must be aware about the Energy Conservation Building code which ahs come into force recently.
am encl ECBC standard both in pdf/ within the body of the text (for people having slow internet connection)
surya
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Energy Conservation Building Code 2006. Energy Conservation on Building Code 2006. Energy Conservation Building Code 2006
Bureau of Energy Efficiency
ENERGY CONSERVATION
BUILDING CODE
2006
Energy Conservation Building Code
2006
The Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) 2006 has been developed by the
International Institute for Energy Conservation (IIEC) under contract with the United
States Agency for International Development (USAID) as a part of the Energy
Conservation and Commercialization (ECO) Project providing support to the Bureau
of Energy Efficiency (BEE) Action Plan.
US Agency for International Development
International Institute for Energy Conservation
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 iii
Energy Conservation Building Code - Project Team
Tanmay Tathagat, IIEC, Project Manager
Alpana Jain, IIEC Joe Derringer, TDG
Charles Eley, AEC John Armstrong, PA Consulting
Charlie Yu, AEC John Hogan
G C Modgil, ISHRAE Mark Hydeman, Taylor Engineering
H.S. Mamak, Renaissance T R Pai, Thorn Lighting
Jim Benya, Benya Lighting Design Tianzhen Hong, AEC
Supported by
Deepak Gahlowt, CCPS Dharminder Singh, DSCL
Dolly Jain, IIEC Anand Jain, AIFGMA
Sachin Malik
Energy Conservation Building Code - Committee of Experts
Dr. N. K. Bansal, Chair
Abdul Bengali Monsingh Devadas
Anil Misra N. Puri
Ashok Kumar N.K. Garg
Atul Saxena P. Krishan
Bhavani Prasad P.S Chaddha
Dipak Khandare Pradeep Kumar
G.C. Datta Roy S.C. Mullick
I.C. Sharma S.R. Choudhary
K.K. Trivedi Sanjay Dube
K.K. Chakarvati S.S. Talwar
K.K. Mitra Sanjay Prakash
Kunwar Narayan Satish Sabharwal
M.M Pande Subhasis Neogi
Manish Srivastava Sukesh Kakkar
Mili Majumdar Sunil Bajaj
Manoj Chandel T.H. Teckchandani
Vipul Shah
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 iv
Energy Conservation Building Code - Contributing Organizations
All India Flat Glass Manufacturers Association (AIFGMA)
Builders Association of India (BAI)
Building Materials and Technology Promotion Council (BMTPC)
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)
Carrier Aircon Limited
Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee (CBRI)
Central Public Works Department (CPWD)
Confederation of Construction Products and Services (CCPS)
Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)
Council Of Architects (COA)
Devi Ahilya Vishwa Vidyalaya, Indore
DSCL Energy Services
Electric Lamp and Component Manufacturers Association of India (ELCOMA)
Indian Buildings Congress (IBC)
Indian Institute of Architects (IIA)
Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (IIT-Delhi)
Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee (IIT- Roorkee)
International Copper Promotion Council, India (ICPCI)
Indian Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Engineers (ISHRAE)
Lloyd Insulations (India) Limited
Maharashtra Energy Development Agency, Pune (MEDA)
Saint-Gobain Glass India Ltd.
School of Architecture and Planning. Chennai (SAP)
School of Building Science and Technology, C.E.P.T.
Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University
Solar Energy Society of India (SESI)
The Energy Resource Institute (TERI)
UP Twiga Fiberglass Limited
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 v
Acknowledgment
The Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) is a result of exceptional teamwork. The
members of the IIEC team, the Committee of Experts (COE), and independent experts
worked closely to develop a comprehensive ECBC. IIEC acknowledges the team members
from PA Consulting, The Deringer Group, Architecture Energy Corporation, and Benya
Lighting Design. The ECBC depends on the background research and market data collected
and collated with help from CCPS, DSCL and all members of the COE. Mr. John Hogan
reviewed the ECBC drafts and helped in shaping up the final document. Mr. G. C. Modgil, Mr.
H. S. Mamak, Mr. T. R. Pai, Mr. Deepak Gahlowt, Mr. G. C. Datta Roy helped in developing
the technical sections of the ECBC and provided detailed reviews of the drafts.
Mr. R. V. Shahi, Secretary (Power) guided this first Indian ECBC. Constant encouragement by
Mr. V. S. Verma, DG, BEE, with his keen insight into energy efficiency potential in buildings,
ensured a technical rigor in the ECBC development methodology. Mr. Gireesh Pradhan, JS
(EC), MOP, provided valuable guidance to ensure that ECBC is written for effective
implementation.
Mr. S. Padmanaban, Sr. Advisor and Dr. (Ms.) Archana Walia, Program Manager, of USAID
provided constant support and guidance to the program. Their resolute support ensured that
the ECBC development process could respond to the challenges of developing a
comprehensive ECBC in such a short timeframe.
Special thanks are due to the members of COE, especially Mr. Sanjay Prakash, Mr. Bhavani
Prasad, Mr. P. Krishan, Mr. A. B. Lal, Ms. Mili Majumdar, Mr. Pradeep Kumar, and Mr. Anand
Jain for their detailed inputs into the ECBC development as well as subsequent reviews and
revisions of the draft.
Table of Contents
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 vi
Table of Contents
1. Purpose........................................... .................................................. .................................................. ........ 1
2. Scope............................................. .................................................. .................................................. ......... 2
2.1 Applicable Building Systems .................................................. .................................................. ........... 2
2.2 Exemptions .................................................. .................................................. .................................... 2
2.3 Safety, Health and Environmental Codes Take Precedence .................................................. ............ 2
3. Administration and Enforcement....................................... .................................................. ......................... 3
3.1 Compliance Requirements...................................... .................................................. .......................... 3
3.2 Compliance Approaches .................................................. .................................................. ................. 4
3.3 Administrative Requirements .................................................. .................................................. .......... 4
3.4 Compliance Documents .................................................. .................................................. .................. 4
4. Envelope.......................................... .................................................. .................................................. ....... 6
4.1 General .................................................. .................................................. .......................................... 6
4.2 Mandatory Requirements...................................... .................................................. ........................... 6
4.3 Prescriptive Requirements .................................................. .................................................. .............. 6
4.4 Building Envelope Trade-Off Option .................................................. ................................................. 9
5. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning .................................................. ................................................ 10
5.1 General .................................................. .................................................. ........................................ 10
5.2 Mandatory Requirements...................................... .................................................. .......................... 10
5.3 Prescriptive Requirements .................................................. .................................................. ............ 15
6. Service Hot Water and Pumping........................................... .................................................. ................... 17
6.1 General .................................................. .................................................. ........................................ 17
6.2 Mandatory Requirements...................................... .................................................. .......................... 17
7. Lighting .................................................. .................................................. ................................................. 20
7.1 General .................................................. .................................................. ........................................ 20
7.2 Mandatory Requirements...................................... .................................................. .......................... 20
7.3 Interior Lighting Power .................................................. .................................................. .................. 21
7.4 Exterior Lighting Power .................................................. .................................................. ................. 25
8. Electrical Power .................................................. .................................................. .................................... 27
8.1 General .................................................. .................................................. ........................................ 27
8.2 Mandatory Requirements...................................... .................................................. .......................... 27
9. Appendix A - Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms.......................................... .................................. 30
9.1 General .................................................. .................................................. ........................................ 30
9.2 Definitions .................................................. .................................................. .................................... 30
9.3 Abbreviations and Acronyms .................................................. .................................................. ........ 40
10. Appendix B – Whole Building Performance Method .................................................. ................................ 42
10.1 General .................................................. .................................................. ........................................ 42
10.2 Simulation General Requirements .................................................. .................................................. 42
10.3 Calculating the Energy Consumption of the Proposed Design and the Standard Design................. 43
11. Appendix C - IP Table Conversions....................................... .................................................. .................. 47
12. Appendix D – Default Values for Typical Constructions .................................................. .......................... 53
12.1 Procedure for Determining Fenestration Product U-Factor and Solar Heat Gain Coefficient........... 53
12.2 Default U-Factors and Solar Heat Gain Coefficients for Unrated Fenestration Products ................. 54
12.3 Typical Roof Constructions .................................................. .................................................. ........... 54
12.4 Typical Wall Constructions..................................... .................................................. ......................... 55
13. Appendix E – Building Envelope Tradeoff Method .................................................. .................................. 57
14. Appendix F – Climate Zone Map Of India............................................. .................................................. ... 60
15. Appendix G – Air-Side Economizer Acceptance Procedures .................................................. .................. 61
15.1 Construction Inspection........................................ .................................................. ........................... 61
15.2 Equipment Testing .................................................. .................................................. ........................ 61
Table of Contents
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 vii
16. Appendix H – Compliance Forms .................................................. .................................................. .......... 62
16.1 Envelop Summary........................................... .................................................. ............................... 62
16.2 Building Permit Plans Checklist......................................... .................................................. .............. 63
16.3 Mechanical Summary........................................... .................................................. ........................... 64
16.4 Mechanical Checklist......................................... .................................................. ............................. 65
16.5 Lighting Summary .................................................. .................................................. ......................... 66
16.6 Lighting Permit Checklist......................................... .................................................. ........................ 67
Purpose
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 1
1. Purpose
The purpose of this code is to provide minimum requirements for the energy-efficient design
and construction of buildings.
Scope
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 2
2. Scope
The code is mandatory for commercial buildings or building complexes that have a connected
load of 500 kW or greater or a contract demand of 600 kVA or greater. The code is also
applicable to all buildings with a conditioned floor area of 1,000 m2 (10,000 ft2) or greater.
The code is recommended for all other buildings.
2.1 Applicable Building Systems
The provisions of this code apply to:
(a) Building envelopes, except for unconditioned storage spaces or warehouses,
(b) Mechanical systems and equipment, including heating, ventilating, and air
conditioning,
(c) Service hot water heating,
(d) Interior and exterior lighting, and
(e) Electrical power and motors.
2.2 Exemptions
The provisions of this code do not apply to:
(a) Buildings that do not use either electricity or fossil fuel,
(b) Equipment and portions of building systems that use energy primarily for
manufacturing processes, and
(c) Multi-family buildings of three or fewer stories above grade, and single-family
buildings.
2.3 Safety, Health and Environmental Codes Take Precedence
Where this code is found to conflict with safety, health, or environmental codes, the safety,
health, or environmental codes shall take precedence.
Administration and Enforcement
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 3
3. Administration and Enforcement
3.1 Compliance Requirements
3.1.1 Mandatory Requirements
Compliance with the requirements of this energy code shall be mandatory for all applicable
buildings discussed in §2.
3.1.2 New Buildings
New buildings shall comply with either the provisions of §4 through §8 of this code or the
Energy Budget Method of §10.
3.1.3 Additions to Existing Buildings
Where the addition plus the existing building exceeds the conditioned floor area threshold of
§2, additions shall comply with the provisions of §4 through §8. Compliance may be
demonstrated in either of the following ways:
(a) The addition alone shall comply with the applicable requirements, or
(b) The addition, together with the entire existing building, shall comply with the
requirements of this code that would apply to the entire building, as if it were a new
building.
Exception to § 3.1.3: When space conditioning is provided by existing systems and
equipment, the existing systems and equipment need not comply with this code. However,
any new equipment installed must comply with specific requirements applicable to that
equipment.
3.1.4 Alterations to Existing Buildings
Where the existing building exceeds the conditioned floor area threshold in §2, portions of a
building and its systems that are being altered shall meet the provisions of §4 through §8.
The specific requirements for alterations are described in the following subsections.
Exception to § 3.1.4: When the entire building complies with all of the provisions of §4
through §8 as if it were a new building.
3.1.4.1 Building Envelope
Alterations to the building envelope shall comply with the requirements of §4 for fenestration,
insulation, and air leakage applicable to the portions of the buildings and its systems being
altered.
Exception to § 3.1.4.1: The following alterations need not comply with these requirements
provided such alterations do not increase the energy usage of the building:
(a) Replacement of glass in an existing sash and frame, provided the U-factor and SHGC
of the replacement glazing are equal to or lower than the existing glazing,
(b) Modifications to roof/ceiling, wall, or floor cavities, which are insulated to full depth
with insulation, and
(c) Modifications to walls and floors without cavities and where no new cavities are
created.
3.1.4.2 Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Alterations to building heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning equipment or systems shall
comply with the requirements of §5 applicable to the portions of the building and its systems
being altered. Any new equipment or control devices installed in conjunction with the
alteration shall comply with the specific requirements applicable to that equipment or control
device.
Administration and Enforcement
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 4
3.1.4.3 Service Water Heating
Alterations to building service water heating equipment or systems shall comply with the
requirements of § 6 applicable to the portions of the building and its systems being altered.
Any new equipment or control devices installed in conjunction with the alteration shall comply
with the specific requirements applicable to that equipment or control device.
3.1.4.4 Lighting
Alterations to building lighting equipment or systems shall comply with the requirements of §
7 applicable to the portions of the building and its systems being altered. New lighting
systems, including controls, installed in an existing building and any change of building area
type as listed in Table 7.3.1 shall be considered an alteration. Any new equipment or control
devices installed in conjunction with the alteration shall comply with the specific requirements
applicable to that equipment or control device.
Exception to § 3.1.4.4: Alterations that replace less than 50% of the luminaires in a space
need not comply with these requirements provided such alterations do not increase the
connected lighting load.
3.1.4.5 Electric Power and Motors
Alterations to building electric power systems and motor shall comply with the requirements
of § 8 applicable to the portions of the building and its systems being altered. Any new
equipment or control devices installed in conjunction with the alteration shall comply with the
specific requirements applicable to that equipment or control device.
3.2 Compliance Approaches
The building shall comply with the mandatory provisions (§ 4.2, § 5.2, § 6.2, § 7.2, and §
8.2) and either of the
(a) Prescriptive Method (§ 4.3, § 5.3, § 7.3 and § 7.4), or
Exception to § 3.2(a): The envelope trade-off option of § 4.4 may be used in place of the
prescriptive criteria of § 4.3.
(b) Energy Budget Method (Appendix 10).
3.3 Administrative Requirements
Administrative requirements relating to permit requirements, enforcement, interpretations,
claims of exemption, approved calculation methods, and rights of appeal are specified by the
authority having jurisdiction.
3.4 Compliance Documents
3.4.1 General
Plans and specifications shall show all pertinent data and features of the building, equipment,
and systems in sufficient detail to permit the authority having jurisdiction to verify that the
building complies with the requirements of this code. Details shall include, but are not limited
to:
(a) Building Envelope: insulation materials and their R-values; fenestration U-factors,
solar heat gain coefficients (SHGC), visible light transmittance (if the trade-off
procedure is used), and air leakage; overhangs and sidefins, building envelope
sealing details;
(b) Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning: system and equipment types, sizes,
efficiencies, and controls; economizers; variable speed drives; piping insulation; duct
sealing, insulation and location; requirement for balance report;
(c) Service Hot Water and Pumping: solar water heating system;
(d) Lighting: lighting schedule showing type, number, and wattage of lamps and ballasts;
automatic lighting shutoff, occupancy sensors, and other lighting controls; lamp
Administration and Enforcement
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 5
efficacy for exterior lamps;
(e) Electrical Power: electric schedule showing transformer losses, motor efficiencies,
and power factor correction devices; electric check metering and monitoring system.
3.4.2 Supplemental Information
The authority having jurisdiction may require supplemental information necessary to verify
compliance with this code, such as calculations, worksheets, compliance forms,
manufacturer’s literature, or other data.
Envelope
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 6
4. Envelope
4.1 General
The building envelope shall comply with the mandatory provisions of § 4.2 and either the
prescriptive criteria of § 4.3 or the trade-off option of § 4.4.
4.2 Mandatory Requirements
4.2.1 Fenestration
4.2.1.1 U-factors
U-factors shall be determined for the overall fenestration product (including the sash and
frame) in accordance with ISO-15099, as specified in Appendix 12, by an accredited
independent laboratory, and labeled and certified by the manufacturer or other responsible
party. U-factors for sloped glazing and skylights shall be determined at a slope of 20 degrees
above the horizontal. For unrated products, use the default table in Appendix 12.
4.2.1.2 Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC)
SHGC shall be determined for the overall fenestration product (including the sash and frame)
in accordance with ISO-15099, as specified in Appendix 12, by an accredited independent
laboratory, and labeled and certified by the manufacturer or other responsible party.
Exceptions to § 4.2.1.2:
(a) Shading coefficient (SC) of the center glass alone multiplied by 0.86 is an acceptable
alternate for compliance with the SHGC requirements for the overall fenestration
area.
(b) Solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) of the glass alone is an acceptable alternate for
compliance with the SHGC requirements for the overall fenestration product.
4.2.1.3 Air Leakage
Air leakage for glazed swinging entrance doors and revolving doors shall not exceed 5.0 l/sm2.
Air leakage for other fenestration and doors shall not exceed 2.0 l/s-m2.
4.2.2 Opaque Construction
U-factors shall be determined from the default tables in Appendix 12 or determined from data
or procedures contained in the ASHRAE Fundamentals, 2005.
4.2.3 Building Envelope Sealing
The following areas of the enclosed building envelope shall be sealed, caulked, gasketed, or
weather-stripped to minimize air leakage:
(a) Joints around fenestration and door frames,
(b) Openings between walls and foundations and between walls and roof and wall
panels,
(c) Openings at penetrations of utility services through, roofs, walls, and floors
(d) Site-built fenestration and doors,
(e) Building assemblies used as ducts or plenums, and
(f) All other openings in the building envelope.
4.3 Prescriptive Requirements
4.3.1 Roofs
Roofs shall comply with either the maximum assembly U-factor or the minimum insulation Rvalue
in Table 4.3.1. R-value is for the insulation alone and does not include building
Envelope
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 7
materials or air films. The roof insulation shall not be located on a suspended ceiling with
removable ceiling panels.
Table 4.3.1 Roof assembly U-factor and Insulation R-value Requirements*
Climate Zone
24-Hour use buildings
Hospitals, Hotels, Call Centers etc.
Daytime use buildings
Other Building Types
Maximum U-factor
of the overall
assembly
(W/m2-°C)
Minimum R-value of
insulation alone
(m2-°C/W)
Maximum U-factor of the
overall assembly
(W/m2-°C)
Minimum R-value
of insulation alone
(m2-°C/W)
Composite U-0.261 R-3.5 U-0.409 R-2.1
Hot and Dry U-0.261 R-3.5 U-0.409 R-2.1
Warm and Humid U-0.261 R-3.5 U-0.409 R-2.1
Moderate U-0.409 R-2.1 U-0.409 R-2.1
Cold U-0.261 R-3.5 U-0.409 R-2.1
*See Appendix 12.3 for typical complying roof constructions.
4.3.1.1 Cool Roofs
Roofs with slopes less than 20 degrees shall have an initial solar reflectance of no less than
0.70 and an initial emittance no less than 0.75. Solar reflectance shall be determined in
accordance with ASTM E903-96 and emittance shall be determined in accordance with ASTM
E408-71 (RA 1996).
4.3.2 Opaque Walls
Opaque walls shall comply with either the maximum assembly U-factor or the minimum
insulation R-value in Table 4.3.2. R-value is for the insulation alone and does not include
building materials or air films.
Table 4.3.2 Opaque Wall Assembly U-factor and Insulation R-value Requirements
Climate Zone
Hospitals, Hotels, Call Centers
(24-Hour)
Other Building Types
(Daytime)
Maximum U-factor
of the overall
assembly
(W/m2-°C)
Minimum R-value of
insulation alone
(m2-°C/W)
Maximum U-factor of the
overall assembly
(W/m2-°C)
Minimum R-value
of insulation alone
(m2-°C/W)
Composite U-0.352 R-2.35 U-0.352 R-2.35
Hot and Dry U-0.369 R-2.20 U-0.352 R-2.35
Warm and Humid U-0.352 R-2.35 U-0.352 R-2.35
Moderate U-0.431 R-1.80 U-0.397 R-2.00
Cold U-0.369 R-2.20 U-0.352 R-2.35
See Appendix 12.4 for typical complying wall constructions.
Exception to § 4.3.2: Until December 31, 2007, the wall assembly U-factor is allowed to be U-
0.440 maximum or insulation R-2.10 minimum
4.3.3 Vertical Fenestration
Vertical fenestration shall comply with the maximum area weighted U-factor and maximum
area weighted SHGC requirements of Table 4.3.3-1. Vertical fenestration area is limited to a
maximum of 40% of the gross wall area for the prescriptive requirement.
Envelope
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 8
Table 4.3.3-1 Vertical Fenestration U-factor and SHGC Requirements (U-factor in W/m2-°C)
Climate Maximum U-factor Maximum SHGC
Composite 3.177 0.25
Hot and Dry 3.177 0.25
Warm and Humid 3.177 0.25
Moderate 6.922 0.40
Cold 4.085 0.51
See Appendix 12.2.1 for typical complying vertical fenestration constructions.
Exception to § 4.3.3: Overhangs and/or side fins may be applied in determining the SHGC for
the proposed design. An adjusted SHGC, accounting for overhangs and/or sidefins, is
calculated by multiplying the SHGC of the unshaded fenestration product times a
multiplication (M) factor. If this exception is applied, a separate M Factor shall be determined
for each orientation and unique shading condition.
Table 4.3.3-2 SHGC “M” Factor Adjustments for Overhangs and Fins
Overhang “M” Factors
for 4 Projection
Factors
Vertical Fin “M”
Factors
for 4 Projection
Factors
Overhang+Fin “M”
Factors for 4 Projection
Factors
Project
Location Orientation 0.25-
0.49
-0.50
- 0.74
0.75
-
0.99
1.00
+
0.25
-
0.49
0.50
-
0.74
0.75
-
0.99
1.00
+ 0.25 -
0.49
0.50 -
0.74
0.75 -
0.99
1.00
+
N .88 .80 .76 .73 .74 .67 .58 .52 .64 .51 .39 .31
E/W .79 .65 .56 .50 .80 .72 .65 .60 .60 .39 .24 .16
North
latitude 15°
or greater
S .79 .64 .52 .43 .79 .69 .60 .56 .60 .33 .10 .02
N .83 .74 .69 .66 .73 .65 .57 .50 .59 .44 .32 .23
E/W .80 .67 .59 .53 .80 .72 .63 .58 .61 .41 .26 .16
Less than
15° North
latitude
S .78 .62 .55 .50 .74 .65 .57 .50 .53 .30 .12 .04
Exception to SHGC Requirements in § 4.3.3: Vertical Fenestration areas located more than
2.2 m (7 ft) above the level of the floor are exempt from the SHGC requirement in Table
4.3.3-1, if the following conditions are complied with:
(a) Total Effective Aperture: The total Effective Aperture for the elevation is less than
0.25, including all fenestration areas greater than 1.0 m (3 ft) above the floor level;
and,
(b) An interior light shelf is provided at the bottom of this fenestration area, with an
interior projection factor (PF) not less than:
i. 1.0 for E-W, SE, SW, NE, and NW orientations
ii. 0.5 for S orientation, and
iii. 0.35 for N orientation when latitude is < 23 degrees.
4.3.3.1 Minimum Visible Transmission (VT) of Glazing for Vertical Fenestration
To permit the use of available daylighting in place of electric lighting, glazing products used
in offices, banks, libraries, classrooms with predominant daytime usage, must have the
minimum visual transmittance (VT), defined as function of WWR, where Effective Aperture >
0.1, equal to or greater than the Minimum VT requirements of Table 4.3.3.1. The table also
indicates recommended VT ranges for daylight applications in such spaces.
Envelope
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 9
Table 4.3.3.1 Minimum VT Requirements
WWR Minimum VT
0 - 0.3 0.27
0.31-0.4 0.20
0.41-0.5 0.16
0.51-0.6 0.13
0.61-0.7 0.11
4.3.4 Skylights
Skylights shall comply with the maximum U-factor and maximum SHGC requirements of
Table 4.3.4 Skylight area is limited to a maximum of 5% of the gross roof area for the
prescriptive requirement.
Table 4.3.4 Skylight U-factor and SHGC Requirements (U-factor in W/m2-°C)
Maximum U-factor Maximum SHGC
Climate With Curb w/o Curb 0-2% SRR 2.1-5% SRR
Composite 11.24 7.717 0.40 0.25
Hot and Dry 11.24 7.717 0.40 0.25
Warm and Humid 11.24 7.717 0.40 0.25
Moderate 11.24 7.717 0.61 0.4
Cold 11.24 7.717 0.61 0.4
SRR = Skylight roof ratio which is the ratio of the total skylight area of the roof, measured to the outside of the frame,
to the gross exterior roof.
See § 12.2.2 for typical complying skylight constructions.
4.4 Building Envelope Trade-Off Option
The building envelope complies with the code if the building envelope performance factor
(EPF) of the proposed design is less than the standard design, where the standard design
exactly complies with the criteria in § 4.3. The envelope trade-off equation is found in
Appendix 13.
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 10
5. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
5.1 General
All heating, ventilation and air conditioning equipment and systems shall comply with the
mandatory provisions of § 5.2 and the prescriptive criteria of § 5.3.
5.2 Mandatory Requirements
5.2.1 Natural Ventilation
Natural ventilation shall comply with the design guidelines provided for natural ventilation in
the National Building Code of India 2005 Part 8, 5.4.3 and 5.7.1.1
5.2.2 Minimum Equipment Efficiencies
Cooling equipment shall meet or exceed the minimum efficiency requirements presented in
Tables 5.2.2-1 through 5.2.2-5. Heating and cooling equipment not listed here shall comply
with ASHRAE 90.1-2004 § 6.4.1.
Table 5.2.2-1 Unitary Air Conditioning Equipment
Equipment Class Minimum COP Minimum IPLV Test Standard
Unitary Air Cooled Air Conditioner ≥19 and <40 kW
( ≥5.4 and <11 tons )
3.08 ARI 210/240
Unitary Air Cooled Air Conditioner ≥40 to <70 kW
(≥11 to <20 tons)
3.08 ARI 340/360
Unitary Air Cooled Air Conditioner ≥70 kW
( ≥20 tons)
2.93 2.99 ARI 340/360
Unitary Water Cooled Air Conditioner <19 kW
(<5.4 tons)
4.10 ARI 210/240
Unitary Water Cooled Air Conditioner ≥19 and <40 kW
( ≥5.4 and <11 tons )
4.10 ARI 210/240
Unitary Water Cooled Air Conditioner ≥<40 kW
( ≥11 tons )
3.22 3.02 ARI 210/240
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 11
Table 5.2.2-2 Chillers
Equipment Class Minimum COP Minimum IPLV Test Standard
Air Cooled Chiller <530 kW
(<150 tons)
2.90 3.16 ARI 550/590-
1998
Air Cooled Chiller ≥530 kW
(≥150 tons)
3.05 3.32 ARI 550/590-
1998
Centrifugal Water Cooled Chiller < 530 kW
(<150 tons)
5.80 6.09 ARI 550/590-
1998
Centrifugal Water Cooled Chiller ≥530 and <1050 kW
( ≥150 and <300 tons)
5.80 6.17 ARI 550/590-
1998
Centrifugal Water Cooled Chiller ≥ 1050 kW
(≥ 300 tons)
6.30 6.61 ARI 550/590-
1998
Reciprocating Compressor, Water Cooled Chiller all sizes 4.20 5.05 ARI 550/590-
1998
Rotary Screw and Scroll Compressor, Water Cooled
Chiller <530 kW
(<150 tons)
4.70 5.49 ARI 550/590-
1998
Rotary Screw and Scroll Compressor, Water Cooled
Chiller ≥530 and <1050 kW
(≥150 and <300 tons)
5.40 6.17 ARI 550/590-
1998
Rotary Screw and Scroll Compressor, Water Cooled
Chiller ≥ 1050 kW
(≥ 300 tons)
5.75 6.43 ARI 550/590-
1998
Table 5.2.2-3 Heat Pumps Heating Mode
Equipment Type Size Category (Input) Subcategory or
Rating Condition
Performance Requireda Test
Procedureb
Split System 6.8 HSPF
(before 1/23/2006)
7.4 HSPF
(as of 1/23/2006)
Air Cooled
(Heating Mode)
<19 kW
(Cooling Capacity)
Single Package 6.6 HSPF
(before 1/23/2006)
7.4 HSPF
(as of 1/23/2006)
ARI 210/240
8°C db/6°C wb Outdoor
air
≥19 kW and <40 kW 3.2 COP
(Cooling Capacity)
-8°C db/-9°C wb
Outdoor Air
2.2 COP
8°C db/6°C wb Outdoor
air
3.1 COP
Air Cooled
(Heating Mode)
≥40 kW
(Cooling Capacity)
-8°C db/-9°C wb
Outdoor Air
2.0 COP
ARI 340/360
a IPLVs and Part load rating conditions are only applicable to equipment with capacity modulation.
b Section 12 of ASHRAE 90.1-2004 contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure, including the
referenced year version of the test procedure.
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 12
Table 5.2.2-4 Furnaces
Equipment Type Size Category (Input) Subcategory or
Rating Condition
Performance Requireda Test
Procedureb
<66 kW 78% AFUE or 80% Et
d DOE 10 CFR
Part 430 or
ANSI Z21.47
Warm Air Furnace, Gas-
Fired
≥66 kW Maximum Capacitye 80% Ec
c ANSA Z21.47
<66 kW 78% AFUE or 80% Et
d DOE 10 CFR
Part 430 or
ANSI Z21.47
Warm Air Furnace, Oil-
Fired
≥66 kW Maximum Capacitye 81% Et
f UL 727
Warm- Air Duct Furnaces,
Gas-Fired
All Capacities Maximum Capacitye 80% Ec
g ANSI Z83.9
Warm Air Unit Heaters,
Gas-Fired
All Capacities Maximum Capacitye 80% Ec
g ANSI Z83.8
Warm Air Unit Heaters,
Oil-Fired
All Capacities Maximum Capacitye 80% Ec
g UL 731
a Et = thermal efficiency. See test procedure for detailed discussion.
b Section 12 of ASHRAE 90.1-2004 contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure, including the
referenced year version of the test procedure.
c Ec = combustion efficiency. Units must also include an interrupted or intermittent ignition device (IID), have jacket losses
not exceeding 0.75% of the input rating, and have either power venting or a flue damper. A vent damper is an acceptable
alternative to a flue damper for those furnaces where combustion air is drawn from the conditioned space.
d Combination units not covered by NAECA (3-phase power or cooling capacity greater than or equal to 65,000 Btu/h may
comply with either rating.
e Minimum and maximum ratings as provided for and allowed by the unit’s controls.
f Et = thermal efficiency. Units must also include and interrupted or intermittent ignition device (IDD), have jacket losses
not exceeding 0.75% of the input rating, and have either power venting or a flue damper. A vent damper is an acceptable
alternativ3 to a flue damper for those furnaces where combustion air is drawn form the conditioned space.
g Ec = combustion efficiency (100% less flue losses). See test procedure for detailed discussion.
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 13
Table 5.2.2-5 Boilers
Equipment Type Size Category (Input) Subcategory or
Rating Condition
Performance Requiredb Test
Procedurec
<88 kW Hot Water 80% AFUE
Steam 75% AFUE
DOE 10 CFR
Part 430
≥88 kW and ≤733 kW Maximum Capacityd 75% Et
b
>733 kWa Hot Water 80% Ec
Boilers, Gas-Fired
>733 kWa Steam 80% Ec
H.I. Htg Boiler
Std.
<88 kW 80% AFUE DOE 10 CFR
Part 430
≥88 kW and ≤733 kW Maximum Capacityd 78% Et
b
>733 kWa Hot Water 83% Ec
Boilers, Oil-Fired
>733 kWa Steam 83% Ec
H.I. Htg Boiler
Std.
≥88 kW and ≤733 kW Maximum Capacityd 78% Et
b
>733 kWa Hot Water 83% Ec
Oil-Fired (Residual)
>733 kWa Steam 83% Ec
H.I. Htg Boiler
Std.
a These requirements apply to boilers with rated input of 2,345 kW or less that are not packaged boilers, and to all
packaged boilers. Minimum efficiency requirements for boilers cover all capacities of packaged boilers.
b Et = thermal efficiency. See reference document for detailed information.
c Section 12 of ASHRAE 90.1-2004 contains a complete specification of the referenced test procedure, including the
referenced year version of the test procedure.
d Minimum and maximum ratings as provided for and allowed by the unit’s controls.
5.2.3 Controls
5.2.3.1 All mechanical cooling and heating systems shall be controlled by a timeclock that:
(a) Can start and stop the system under different schedules for three different day-types
per week,
(b) Is capable of retaining programming and time setting during a loss of power for a
period of at least 10 hours, and
(c) Includes an accessible manual override that allows temporary operation of the
system for up to 2 hours.
Exceptions to 5.2.3.1:
(a) Cooling systems < 28 kW (8 tons)
(b) Heating systems < 7 kW (2 tons)
5.2.3.2 All heating and cooling equipment shall be temperature controlled. Where a unit
provides both heating and cooling, controls shall be capable of providing a temperature
dead band of 3°C (5°F) within which the supply of heating and cooling energy to the zone
is shut off or reduced to a minimum. Where separate heating and cooling equipment serve
the same temperature zone, thermostats shall be interlocked to prevent simultaneous
heating and cooling.
5.2.3.3 All cooling towers and closed circuit fluid coolers shall have either two speed motors,
pony motors, or variable speed drives controlling the fans.
5.2.4 Piping and Ductwork
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 14
5.2.4.1 Piping for heating systems with a design operating temperature of 60°C (140°F) or
greater shall have at least R-0.70 (R-4) insulation. Piping for heating systems with a design
operating temperature less than 60°C (140°F) but greater than 40°C (104°F), piping for
cooling systems with a design operating temperature less than 15°C (59°F), and refrigerant
suction piping on split systems shall have at least R-0.35 (R-2) insulation. Insulation exposed
to weather shall be protected by aluminum sheet metal, painted canvas, or plastic cover.
Cellular foam insulation shall be protected as above, or be painted with water retardant
paint.
5.2.4.2 Ductwork shall be insulated in accordance with Table 5.2.4.2.
Table 5.2.4.2 Ductwork Insulation
Required Insulationa
Duct Location Supply Ducts Return Ducts
Exterior R-1.4 (R-8) R- 0.6 (R-3.5)
Ventilated Attic R-1.4 (R-8) R- 0.6 (R-3.5)
Unventilated Attic without Roof Insulation R-1.4 (R-8) R- 0.6 (R-3.5)
Unventilated Attic with Roof Insulation R- 0.6 (R-3.5) No Requirement
Unconditioned Spaceb R- 0.6 (R-3.5) No Requirement
Indirectly Conditioned Spacec No Requirement No Requirement
Buried R- 0.6 (R-3.5) No Requirement
a Insulation R-value is measured on a horizontal plane in accordance with ASTM C518 at a mean temperature of
24°C (75°F) at the installed thickness
b Includes crawlspaces, both ventilated and non-ventilated
c Includes return air plenums with or without exposed roofs above.
5.2.4.3 Ductwork shall be sealed in accordance with Table 5.2.4.3.
Table 5.2.4.3 Ductwork Sealing
Supply Ducts
Duct Location < 500 Pa
(2 inch w.g.)
≥500 Pa
( 2 inch w.g.)
Exhaust Ducts Return Ducts
Outside Conditioned Space ← ← None ←
Unconditioned Spaces ↑ ← None →
Indirectly Conditioned Spaces → ↑ → None
Return Air Plenums → ↑ → None
Cooled Spaces None →1 → None
← All joints and longitudinal seams, and at all duct wall penetrations. Snaplock longitudinal are not allowed.
Pressure sensitive tape shall not be used as the primary sealant.
↑ All joints and longitudinal seams. Pressure sensitive tape shall not be used as the primary sealant.
→ Transverse joints only.
1 Ducts within the conditioned space to which they supply air or from which they exhaust air need not be sealed.
Longitudinal seams are joints orientated in the direction of air flow. Transverse joints are connections of two duct
sections orientated perpendicular to airflow. Duct wall penetrations are openings made by any screw or fastener.
Spiral lock joints in round and flat oval duct need not be sealed. All other connections are considered joints including
but not limited to spin-ins, lateral taps and other branch connections, access door frames and jambs, duct
connections to equipment, etc.
Unless otherwise shown in design documents, ductwork between the supply fan and variable air volume boxes shall
be considered to be in the ≥500 Pa (2 in. w.g.) pressure classification, while all other ductwork of any application shall
be considered 250 Pa (1 in. w.g.) pressure classification.
5.2.5 System Balancing
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 15
5.2.5.1 General
Construction documents shall require that all HVAC systems be balanced in accordance with
generally accepted engineering standards.
Construction documents shall require that a written balance report be provided to the owner
or the designated representative of the building owner for HVAC systems serving zones with
a total conditioned area exceeding 500 m2 (5,000 ft2).
5.2.5.1.1 Air System Balancing
Air systems shall be balanced in a manner to first minimize throttling losses. Then, for fans
with fan system power greater than 0.75 kW (1.0 hp), fan speed shall be adjusted to meet
design flow conditions.
5.2.5.1.2 Hydronic System Balancing
Hydronic systems shall be proportionately balanced in a manner to first minimize throttling
losses; then the pump impeller shall be trimmed or pump speed shall be adjusted to meet
design flow conditions.
Exceptions to § 5.2.5.1.2:
(a) Impellers need not be trimmed nor pump speed adjusted for pumps with pump
motors of 7.5 kW (10 hp) or less,
(b) Impellers need not be trimmed when throttling results in no greater than 5% of the
nameplate horsepower draw, or 2.2 kW (3 hp), whichever is greater.
5.2.6 Condensers
5.2.6.1 Condenser Locations
Care shall be exercised in locating the condensers in such a manner that heat sink is free of
interference from heat discharge by devices located in adjoining spaces and also does not
interfere with such other systems installed nearby.
5.2.6.2 Treated Water for Condensers
All high-rise buildings using centralized cooling water system shall use soft water for the
condenser and chilled water system.
5.3 Prescriptive Requirements
Compliance shall be demonstrated with the requirements in § 5.3.1 through § 5.3.2 for each
HVAC system that meets the following criteria:
(a) Serves a single zone,
(b) Cooling (if any) is provided by a unitary packaged or split-system air conditioner or
heat pump,
(c) Heating (if any) is provided by a unitary packaged or split-system heat pump, fuelfired
furnace, electric resistance heater, or baseboards connected to a boiler, and
(d) Outside air quantity is less than 1,400 l/s (3000 cfm) and less than 70% of supply air
at design conditions.
Other HVAC systems shall comply with ASHRAE 90.1-2004, § 6.5.
5.3.1 Economizers
5.3.1.1 Air Side Economizer
Each individual cooling fan system that has a design supply capacity over 1,200 l/s (2,500
cfm) and a total mechanical cooling capacity over 22 kW (6.3 tons) shall include either:
(a) An air economizer capable of modulating outside-air and return-air dampers to supply
100 percent of the design supply air quantity as outside-air; or
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 16
(b) A water economizer capable of providing 100% of the expected system cooling load
at outside air temperatures of 10°C (50°F) dry-bulb/7.2°C (45°F) wet-bulb and
below.
Exception to § 5.3.1.1:
(a) Projects in the Hot-Dry and Warm-Humid climate zones are exempt.
(b) Individual ceiling mounted fan systems < 3,200 l/s (6,500 cfm) are exempt.
5.3.1.2 Where required by 5.3.1.1 economizers shall be capable of providing partial cooling
even when additional mechanical cooling is required to meet the cooling load.
5.3.1.3 Air-side economizers shall be tested in the field following the requirements in
Appendix 15 to ensure proper operation.
Exception to 5.3.1.3: Air economizers installed by the HVAC system equipment manufacturer
and certified to the building department as being factory calibrated and tested per the
procedures in Appendix 15.
5.3.2 Variable Flow Hydronic Systems
5.3.2.1 Chilled or hot-water systems shall be designed for variable fluid flow and shall be
capable of reducing pump flow rates to no more than the larger of:
(a) 50% of the design flow rate, or
(b) the minimum flow required by the equipment manufacturer for proper operation of
the chillers or boilers.
5.3.2.2 Water cooled air-conditioning or heat pump units with a circulation pump motor
greater than or equal to 3.7 kW (5 hp) shall have two-way automatic isolation valves on
each water cooled air-conditioning or heat pump unit that are interlocked with the
compressor to shut off condenser water flow when the compressor is not operating.
5.3.2.3 Chilled water or condenser water systems that must comply with either 5.3.2.1 or
5.3.2.2 and that have pump motors greater than or equal to 3.7 kW (5 hp) shall be
controlled by variable speed drives.
Service Hot Water & Pumping
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 17
6. Service Hot Water and Pumping
6.1 General
All service water heating equipment and systems shall comply with the mandatory provisions
of § 6.2.
6.2 Mandatory Requirements
6.2.1 Solar Water Heating
Residential facilities, hotels and hospitals with a centralized system shall have solar water
heating for at least 1/5 of the design capacity.
Exception to § 6.2.1: Systems that use heat recovery for at least 1/5 of the design capacity.
6.2.2 Equipment Efficiency
Service water heating equipment shall meet or exceed the minimum efficiency requirements
presented in Table 6.2.2.
Service Hot Water & Pumping
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 18
Table 6.2.2 Minimum Efficiencies for Service Water Heating Equipment
Equipment Type Size Category
(Input)
Subcategory or
Rating Condition
Performance Requireda Test
Procedureb
≤12 kW Resistance ≥76 L 0.93-0.00132V EF DOE 10 CFR
Part 430
>12 kW Resistance ≥76 L 20 + 35 √V SL, Btu/h ANSI Z21.10.3
Electric Water
Heaters
≤24 Amps and
≤250 Volts
Heat Pump 0.93-0.00132V EF DOE 10 CFR
Part 430
≤23 kW ≥76 L 0.62-0.0019V EF DOE 10 CFR
Part 430
Gas Storage Water
Heaters
>23 kW <310 W/L
80% Et (Q/800 + 110 √V ) SL, Btu/h ANSI Z21.10.3
>15 kW and
<59 kW
≥310 W/L
and <8 L
0.62-0.0019V EF DOE 10 CFR
Part 430
≥59 kWc ≥310 W/L
and <38 L
80% Et
Gas Instantaneous
Water Heaters
≥59 kW ≥310 W/L
and ≥38 L
80% Et (Q/800 + 110 √V ) SL, Btu/h
ANSI Z21.10.3
≤31 kW ≥76 L 0.59-0.0019V EF DOE 10 CFR
Part 430
Oil Storage Water
Heaters
>31 kW <310 W/L
78% Et (Q/800 + 110 √V ) SL, Btu/h ANSI Z21.10.3
≤62 kW ≥310 W/L
and <8 L
0.59-0.0019V EF DOE 10 CFR
Part 430
>62 kW ≥310 W/L
and <38 L
80% Et
Oil Instantaneous
Water Heaters
>62 kW ≥310 W/L
and ≥38 L
78% Et (Q/800 + 110 √V ) SL, Btu/h
ANSI Z21.10.3
Hot Water Supply
Boilers, Gas and Oil
≥62 kW and
<3664 kW
≥310 W/L
and <38 L
80% Et
Hot Water Supply
Boilers, Gas
≥310 W/L
and ≥38 L
80% Et (Q/800 + 110 √V ) SL, Btu/h
Hot Water Supply
Boilers, Oil
≥310 W/L
and ≥38 L
78% Et (Q/800 + 110 √V )
SL, Btu/h
ANSI Z21.10.3
Pool Heaters
Oil and Gas
All 78% Et ASHRAE 146
Heat Pump Pool
Heaters
All 4.0 COP ASHRAE 146
Unfired Storage
Tanks
All R-2.2 (none)
a Energy factor (EF) and thermal efficiency (Et) are minimum requirements, while standby loss (SL) is maximum Btu/h based
on a 38.9°C temperature difference between stored water and ambient requirements. In the EF equation, V is the rated
volume in liters. In the SL equation, V is the rated volume in liters and Q is the nameplate input rate in W.
b Section 12 of ASHRAE 90.1-2004 contains a complete specification, including the year version, of the referenced test
procedure.
c Instantaneous water heaters with input rates below 58.62 W must comply with these requirements if the water heater is
designed to heat water to temperatures 82.2°C or higher.
6.2.3 Supplementary Water Heating System
Supplementary heating system shall be designed to maximize the energy efficiency of the
system and shall incorporate the following design features in cascade:
(a) Maximum heat recovery from hot discharge system like condensers of air
conditioning units,
Service Hot Water & Pumping
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 19
(b) Use of gas fired heaters wherever gas is available, and
(c) Electric heater as last resort.
6.2.4 Piping Insulation
Piping insulation shall comply with § 5.2.4.1. The entire hot water system including the
storage tanks, pipelines shall be insulated conforming to the relevant IS standards on
materials and applications.
6.2.5 Heat Traps
Vertical pipe risers serving storage water heaters and storage tanks not having integral heat
traps and serving a non-recirculating system shall have heat traps on both the inlet and
outlet piping as close as practical to the storage tank.
6.2.6 Swimming Pools
Heated pools shall be provided with a vapor retardant pool cover on or at the water surface.
Pools heated to more than 32°C (90°F) shall have a pool cover with a minimum insulation
value of R-2.1 (R-12).
Exception to § 6.2.6: Pools deriving over 60% of their energy from site-recovered energy or
solar energy source.
6.2.7 Compliance Documentation
The application for approval shall furnish detailed calculation showing the design to ensure
that at least 20% of the heating requirement shall be met from solar heat/heat recovery and
not more than 80% of the heat shall be met from electrical heating. Wherever gas is
available, not more than 20% of the heat shall be met from electrical heating.
Lighting
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 20
7. Lighting
7.1 General
Lighting systems and equipment shall comply with the mandatory provisions of § 7.2 and the
prescriptive criteria of § 7.3 and § 7.4. The lighting requirements in this section shall apply
to:
(a) Interior spaces of buildings,
(b) Exterior building features, including facades, illuminated roofs, architectural features,
entrances, exits, loading docks, and illuminated canopies, and,
(c) Exterior building grounds lighting that is provided through the building's electrical
service.
Exceptions to § 7.1:
(a) Emergency lighting that is automatically off during normal building operation and is
powered by battery, generator, or other alternate power source; and,
(b) Lighting in dwelling units.
7.2 Mandatory Requirements
7.2.1 Lighting Control
7.2.1.1 Automatic Lighting Shutoff
Interior lighting systems in buildings larger than 500 m2 (5,000 ft˛) shall be equipped with an
automatic control device. Within these buildings, all office areas less than 30 m2 (300 ft2)
enclosed by walls or ceiling-height partitions, all meeting and conference rooms, all school
classrooms, and all storage spaces shall be equipped with occupancy sensors. For other
spaces, this automatic control device shall function on either
(a) A scheduled basis at specific programmed times. An independent program schedule
shall be provided for areas of no more than 2,500 m2 (25,000 ft˛) and not more than
one floor; or,
(b) Occupancy sensors that shall turn the lighting off within 30 minutes of an occupant
leaving the space. Light fixtures controlled by occupancy sensors shall have a wallmounted,
manual switch capable of turning off lights when the space is occupied.
Exception to § 7.2.1.1: Lighting systems designed for 24-hour use.
7.2.1.2 Space Control
Each space enclosed by ceiling-height partitions shall have at least one control device to
independently control the general lighting within the space. Each control device shall be
activated either manually by an occupant or automatically by sensing an occupant. Each
control device shall
(a) Control a maximum of 250 m2 (2,500 ft2) for a space less than or equal to 1,000 m2
(10,000 ft2), and a maximum of 1,000 m2 (10,000 ft2) for a space greater than 1,000
m2 (10,000 ft2).
(b) Be capable of overriding the shutoff control required in 7.2.1.1 for no more than
2 hours, and
(c) Be readily accessible and located so the occupant can see the control.
Exception to § 7.2.1.2(c): The required control device may be remotely installed if required
for reasons of safety or security. A remotely located device shall have a pilot light indicator as
part of or next to the control device and shall be clearly labeled to identify the controlled
lighting.
Lighting
Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 21
7.2.1.3 Control in Daylighted Areas
Luminaires in daylighted areas greater than 25 m2 (250 ft2) shall be equipped with either a
manual or automatic control device that:
(a) Is capable of reducing the light output of the luminaires in the daylighted areas by
at least 50%, and
(b) Controls only the luminaires located entirely within the daylighted area.
7.2.1.4 Exterior Lighting Control
Lighting for all exterior applications not exempted in § 7.4 shall be controlled by a
photosensor or astronomical time switch that is capable of automatically turning off the
exterior lighting when daylight is available or the lighting is not required.
7.2.1.5 Additional Control
The following lighting applications shall be equipped with a control device to control such
lighting independently of general lighting:
(a) Display/Accent Lighting. Display or accent lighting greater than 300 m2 (3,000 ft2)
area shall have a separate control device.
(b) Case Lighting. Lighting in cases used for display purposes greater than 300 m2 (3,000
ft2) area shall be equipped with a separate control device.
(c) Hotel and Motel Guest Room Lighting. Hotel and motel guest rooms and guest suites
shall have a master control device at the main room entry that controls all
permanently installed luminaires and switched receptacles.
(d) Task Lighting. Supplemental task lighting including permanently installed under shelf
or under cabinet lighting shall have a control device integral to the luminaires or be
controlled by a wall-mounted control device provided the control device complies
with 7.2.1.2(c).
(e) Nonvisual Lighting. Lighting for nonvisual applications, such as plant growth and
food-warming, shall be equipped with a separate control device.
(f) Demonstration Lighting. Lighting equipment that is for sale or for demonstrations in
lighting education shall be equipped with a separate control device accessible only to
authorized personnel.
7.2.2 Exit Signs
Internally-illuminated exit signs shall not exceed 5 W per face.
7.2.3 Exterior Building Grounds Lighting
Lighting for exterior building grounds luminaires which operate at greater than 100 W shall
contain lamps having a minimum efficacy of 60 lm/W unless the luminaire is controlled by a
motion sensor or exempt under § 7.1.
7.3 Interior Lighting Power
The installed interior lighting power for a building or a separately metered or permitted
portion of a building shall be calculated in accordance with § 7.3.3 and shall not exceed the
interior lighting power allowance determined in accordance with either § 7.3.1 or § 7.3.2.
Tradeoffs of interior lighting power allowance among portions of the building for which a
different method of calculation has been used are not permitted.
Exception to § 7.3: The following lighting equipment and applications shall not be considered
when determining the interior lighting power allowance, nor shall the wattage for such
lighting be included in the installed interior lighting power. However, any such lighting shall
not be exempt unless it is an addition to general lighting and is controlled by an independent
control device.
(a) Display or accent lighting that is an essential element for the function performed in
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Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 22
galleries, museums, and monuments,
(b) Lighting that is integral to equipment or instrumentation and is installed by its
manufacturer,
(c) Lighting specifically designed for medical or dental procedures and lighting integral to
medical equipment,
(d) Lighting integral to food warming and food preparation equipment,
(e) Lighting for plant growth or maintenance,
(f) Lighting in spaces specifically designed for use by the visually impaired,
(g) Lighting in retail display windows, provided the display area is enclosed by ceilingheight
partitions,
(h) Lighting in interior spaces that have been specifically designated as a registered
interior historic landmark,
(i) Lighting that is an integral part of advertising or directional signage,
(j) Exit signs,
(k) Lighting that is for sale or lighting educational demonstration systems,
(l) Lighting for theatrical purposes, including performance, stage, and film or video
production, and
(m) Athletic playing areas with permanent facilities for television broadcasting.
7.3.1 Building Area Method
Determination of interior lighting power allowance (watts) by the building area method shall
be in accordance with the following:
(a) Determine the allowed lighting power density from Table 7.3.1 for each appropriate
building area type.
(b) Calculate the gross lighted floor area for each building area type.
(c) The interior lighting power allowance is the sum of the products of the gross lighted floor
area of each building area times the allowed lighting power density for that building area
types.
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Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 23
Table 7.3.1 Interior Lighting Power - Building Area Method
Building Area Type LPD (W/m2) Building Area Type LPD (W/m2)
Automotive Facility 9.7 Multifamily 7.5
Convention Center 12.9 Museum 11.8
Court House 12.9 Office 10.8
Dining: Bar Lounge/Leisure 14.0 Parking Garage 3.2
Dining: Cafeteria/Fast Food 15.1 Penitentiary 10.8
Dining: Family 17.2 Performing Arts Theater 17.2
Dormitory 10.8 Police/Fire Station 10.8
Exercise Center 10.8 Post Office 11.8
Gymnasium 11.8 Religious Building 14.0
Healthcare-Clinic 10.8 Retail 16.1
Hospital/Health Care 12.9 School/University 12.9
Hotel 10.8 Sports Arena 11.8
Library 14.0 Town Hall 11.8
Manufacturing Facility 14.0 Transportation 10.8
Motel 10.8 Warehouse 8.6
Motion Picture Theater 12.9 Workshop 15.1
In cases where both a general building area type and a specific building area type are listed, the specific building
area type shall apply.
7.3.2 Space Function Method
Determination of interior lighting power allowance (watts) by the space function method shall
be in accordance with the following:
(a) Determine the appropriate building type from Table 7.3.2 and the allowed lighting power
density.
(b) For each space enclosed by partitions 80% or greater than ceiling height, determine the
gross interior floor area by measuring to the center of the partition wall. Include the floor
area of balconies or other projections. Retail spaces do not have to comply with the 80%
partition height requirements.
(c) The interior lighting power allowance is the sum of the lighting power allowances for all
spaces. The lighting power allowance for a space is the product of the gross lighted floor
area of the space times the allowed lighting power density for that space.
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Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 24
Table 7.3.2 Interior Lighting Power – Space Function Method
Space Function LPD (W/m2) Space Function LPD (W/m2)
Office-enclosed 11.8 Library
Office-open plan 11.8 Card File & Cataloging 11.8
Conference/Meeting/Multipurpose 14.0 Stacks 18.3
Classroom/Lecture/Training 15.1 Reading Area 12.9
Lobby 14.0 Hospital
For Hotel 11.8 Emergency 29.1
For Performing Arts Theater 35.5 Recovery 8.6
For Motion Picture Theater 11.8 Nurse Station 10.8
Audience/Seating Area 9.7 Exam Treatment 16.1
For Gymnasium 4.3 Pharmacy 12.9
For Exercise Center 3.2 Patient Room 7.5
For Convention Center 7.5 Operating Room 23.7
For Religious Buildings 18.3 Nursery 6.5
For Sports Arena 4.3 Medical Supply 15.1
For Performing Arts Theater 28.0 Physical Therapy 9.7
For Motion Picture Theater 12.9 Radiology 4.3
For Transportation 5.4 Laundry – Washing 6.5
Atrium-first three floors 6.5 Automotive – Service Repair 7.5
Atrium-each additional floor 2.2 Manufacturing
Lounge/Recreation 12.9 Low Bay (<8m ceiling) 12.9
For Hospital 8.6 High Bay (>8m ceiling) 18.3
Dining Area 9.7 Detailed Manufacturing 22.6
For Hotel 14.0 Equipment Room 12.9
For Motel 12.9 Control Room 5.4
For Bar Lounge/Leisure Dining 15.1 Hotel/Motel Guest Rooms 11.8
For Family Dining 22.6 Dormitory – Living Quarters 11.8
Food Preparation 12.9 Museum
Laboratory 15.1 General Exhibition 10.8
Restrooms 9.7 Restoration 18.3
Dressing/Locker/Fitting Room 6.5 Bank Office – Banking Activity Area 16.1
Corridor/Transition 5.4 Religions Buildings
For Hospital 10.8 Worship-pulpit, choir 25.8
For Manufacturing Facility 5.4 Fellowship Hall 9.7
Stairs-active 6.5 Retail
Active Storage 8.6 Sales Area 18.3
For Hospital 9.7 Mall Concourse 18.3
Inactive Storage 3.2 Sports Arena
For Museum 8.6 Ring Sports Area 29.1
Electrical/Mechanical 16.1 Court Sports Area 24.8
Workshop 20.5 Indoor Field Area 15.1
Sleeping Quarters 3.2 Warehouse
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Energy Conservation Building Code 2006 Page 25
Table 7.3.2 Interior Lighting Power – Space Function Method
Space Function LPD (W/m2) Space Function LPD (W/m2)
Convention Center – Exhibit Space 14.0 Fine Material Storage 15.1
Medium/Bulky Material Storage 9.7
Parking Garage – Garage Area 2.2
Transportation
Airport – Concourse 6.5
Air/Train/Bus – Baggage Area 10.8
Terminal – Ticket Counter 16.1
7.3.3 Installed Interior Lighting Power
The installed interior lighting power calculated for compliance with § 7.3 shall include all
power used by the luminaires, including lamps, ballasts, current regulators, and control
devices except as specifically exempted in § 7.1.
Exception to § 7.3.3: If two or more independently operating li
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