Barriers to Communication
Anything that prevents understanding of the message is a barrier to communication. Many physical and psychological barriers exist.
• **Culture, Background, and Bias** - We allow our past experiences to change the meaning of the message. Our culture, background, and bias can be beneficial as they allow us to use our past experiences to understand something new. However, when they change the meaning of the message, they interfere with the communication process.
• **Noise** - Equipment or environmental noise impedes clear communication. Both the sender and the receiver must be able to concentrate on the messages being sent to each other.
• **Ourselves** - Focusing on ourselves rather than the other person can lead to confusion and conflict. The "Me Generation" is out when it comes to effective communication. Some factors that cause this are defensiveness (feeling someone is attacking us), superiority (feeling we know more than the other), and ego (feeling we are the center of the activity).
• **Perception** - If we feel the person is talking too fast, not fluently, or not articulating clearly, we may dismiss the person. Also, our preconceived attitudes affect our ability to listen. We listen uncritically to persons of high status and dismiss those of low status.
• **Message** - Distractions happen when we focus on the facts rather than the idea. Our educational institutions reinforce this with tests and questions. Semantic distractions occur when a word is used differently than preferred. For example, the word "chairman" instead of "chairperson" may cause you to focus on the word rather than the message.
• **Environmental** - Bright lights, an attractive person, unusual sights, or any other stimulus provides a potential distraction.
• **Smothering** - We take for granted that the impulse to send useful information is automatic. Not true! Too often we believe that certain information has no value to others or that they are already aware of the facts.
• **Stress** - People do not see things the same way when under stress. What we see and believe at a given moment is influenced by our psychological frames of reference - our beliefs, values, knowledge, experiences, and goals.
These barriers can be thought of as filters: the message leaves the sender, passes through the filters mentioned above, and is then heard by the receiver. These filters muffle the message, and the way to overcome them is through active listening.
Regards,
Anil Jadhav
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