Dear Friend,
I have read your post. I understand that you are still being treated as a consultant. As per the appointment letter, your extension period is 3 months from the date of appointment; however, they might have extended another 3 months for your probation period. Please thoroughly read your appointment order and check if there is any clause stating that if we are not satisfied, we may extend your probation period without prior information.
Regarding your IT deductions, according to income tax norms under the consultancy (194J) category, if the payment is Rs. 30,000 or above in a particular financial year, tax should be deducted at a rate of 10%. If payments were made previously, TDS should be deducted on the entire previous payments (meaning payments made in that financial year). In your case, they might have paid below Rs. 30k in the first three months. The moment you reach or exceed Rs. 30k, they have deducted 10% on the total payments, which is correct based on Income Tax norms.
Addressing your concerns, I am providing brief answers based on my view:
1) As a consultant, you should comply with your company's policies because you may have signed the appointment letter copy, indicating your agreement to follow the company's policies.
2) When a company selects a person for hiring, the company must issue an appointment letter. In your case, the company did so, so there is no question of null and void.
3) Form 16 is issued only for regular employees, not for consultants. In your case, you are entitled to Form 16A. I hope they will issue Form 16A (TDS certificate) since they have deducted tax from your consultancy services.
4) You cannot ask your accounts department people for non-deduction of TDS since they are complying with and deducting tax as per IT rules. Note that it is a statutory obligation.
5) They may have informed you that you will receive the total amount at the time of appointment. To my knowledge, in the appointment letter, they might have included the clause that taxes are applicable according to statutory norms, so read your appointment letter carefully. Generally, we are not aware of taxes at the time of joining, which is where we encounter difficulties, so we should be more careful in these situations.
To receive a refund, you must submit Income Tax Returns.
As a consultant, you can claim some of your expenses like conveyance, fuel, depreciation of the vehicle (if applicable), telephone charges, rent, etc. These expenses can be deducted from gross income, resulting in a reduction of your total income. Additionally, you can show your savings like LIC, Mutual funds, P.P.F., etc., under section 80C up to Rs. 1,00,000/-. I recommend consulting a tax consultant or practicing Chartered Accountant for the submission of Income Tax returns as they will guide you properly.
I hope this clarifies things for you.
I wish you all the best, and God bless you.