To narrate briefly, the expenses are broadly classified as Direct and Indirect Expenses in the P&L or Income and Expenditure Account. Those expenses that relate to the manufacturing process are considered Direct, while others are categorized as Indirect. For example, Opening Stock, Purchases, Wages, Purchase returns, etc., are considered direct expenses. Indirect Expenses include Salaries, Printing and Stationery, Conveyance, Office Rent, Discounts allowed, Electricity/Water charges, and more. The nature of expenses involved in a transaction determines where they should be appropriately placed under that category.