| Gunjan Sarojwal Started The Discussion: Hello, I have found various tutorials on TOFEL, ILETS preparation sites and have tried to jot down some rules related to Tenses in English Grammar in a concise format. I have been using this format for checking various language/grammar/comprehension tests in recruiting candidates. Hope it will benefit all. Regards, Gunjan ----------------- Tenses RULES Present Tense (SIMPLE):
(CONTINUOUS tense: + ING) I am working, we/they/you are working, and he/she/it is working or it is being done I /they/we/you do, He/she /it does. I /we/they/you don’t, He/she/It doesn’t (NEGATION) Do I/they/we/you? ……… Does he/she/it? (QUESTION) PRESENT PERFECT I/we/ they/you- have/haven’t for e.g-I have done (3rd form of verb) He/she/it- has/hasn’t for e.g-he has done (3rd form of verb) PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS I/we/ they/you- have / haven’t been …verb + ing He/she/it- has/ hasn’t been…verb + ing It has been done (3rd form of verb) ‘Have had’ and ‘has had’ are used when something/work is carried on from past in to the present. PAST TENSE (simple present)Isà Was (simple past) I /he/she/ità was/ wasn’t I saw, ate, drank etc (2nd form of verb) (simple present)Areà were (simple past) We/you/theyà were/ weren’t We saw, ate, drank etc (2nd form of verb) For question in simple past- Did you…..+ 1st form of verb? e.g- Did Mary dance in a musical? Past continuous – I /he/she/it-- was/ wasn’t …verb+ ing We/you/they-- were/ weren’t… verb + ing Past Perfect-when something/work started and ended in past tense only I/we/you/they/he/she/it- had + 3rd form of verb e.g I had done my homework yesterday. Sometimes we use “had had” when we are too sure about the happening. Past Perfect Continuous- when something / work got started and went on in past tense but not ended. I/we/you/they/he/she/it- Had been… verb+ ing. For question- had you completed/ been completing your work……..? FUTURE TENSE Please study the will/shall & going to usage to know when and how we use these words. I/we/you/they/he/she/it- will + 1st form of verb They will do……I/we shall do (1st form of verb) ‘It’ will be done (3rd form of verb with IT) For future continuous – I/we/you/they/he/she/it- will be & verb+ ing Future perfect- Note – we rarely use future perfect tense only when we are confident about future. I/we- shall have + 3rd form of verb You/they/he/she/it- Will have + 3rd form of verb Future perfect continuous: will/ shall have been & verb + ing.
Thanks Nelson, well those were the rules only ...with some examples. i am preparing detailed tutorials as well and will put them on site shortly. A brief overview on Tenses is given below: What are tenses? Tenses are used to indicate time. There are 3 main classifications of Tenses which are sub-classified into four categories: Present Tense Past Tense Future Tense Simple Present Simple Past Simple Future Simple Present Continuous Simple Past Continuous Simple Future Continuous Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Future Perfect Continuous At times “continuous tense” is also understood as “progressive”. Present tense is the stem of the infinitive—to SEE, to USE, to DRIVE, etc. Past tense is usually formed by adding -ed or -en to the verb or by changing a vowel inside the verb—SAW, USED, DRIVEN, etc. Future tense is formed by adding "will" or "shall" to the verb stem—we SHALL see, you WILL use, he WILL drive, etc. Perfect tense is formed by adding "have" or "has" to the past participle of the verb—I HAVE seen, he HAS used, you HAVE driven, etc. Past Perfect tense is formed by adding "had" to the past participle of the verb—I HAD seen, he HAD used, you HAD driven, etc. Future Perfect tense is formed by adding "shall have" or "will have" to the past participle of the verb—I SHALL HAVE seen, you WILL HAVE used, he WILL HAVE driven, etc. Table of English Tenses tense Affirmative/Negative/Question Use Signal Words A: He speaks. N: He does not speak. Q: Does he speak? § action in the present taking place once, never or several times § facts § actions taking place one after another § action set by a timetable or schedule always, every …, never, normally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually if sentences type I (If I talk, …) Present Progressive A: He is speaking. N: He is not speaking. Q: Is he speaking? § action taking place in the moment of speaking § action taking place only for a limited period of time § action arranged for the future at the moment, just, just now, Listen!, Look!, now, right now Simple Past A: He spoke. N: He did not speak. Q: Did he speak? § action in the past taking place once, never or several times § actions taking place one after another § action taking place in the middle of another action yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1990, the other day, last Friday if sentence type II (If I talked, …) Past Progressive A: He was speaking. N: He was not speaking. Q: Was he speaking? § action going on at a certain time in the past § actions taking place at the same time § action in the past that is interrupted by another action when, while, as long as Present Perfect Simple A: He has spoken. N: He has not spoken. Q: Has he spoken? § putting emphasis on the result § action that is still going on § action that stopped recently § finished action that has an influence on the present § action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now Present Perfect Progressive A: He has been speaking. N: He has not been speaking. Q: Has he been speaking? § putting emphasis on the course or duration (not the result) § action that recently stopped or is still going on § finished action that influenced the present all day, for 4 years, since 1993, how long?, the whole week Past Perfect Simple A: He had spoken. N: He had not spoken. Q: Had he spoken? § action taking place before a certain time in the past § sometimes interchangeable with past perfect progressive § putting emphasis only on the fact (not the duration) already, just, never, not yet, once, until that day if sentence type III (If I had talked, …) Past Perfect Progressive A: He had been speaking. N: He had not been speaking. Q: Had he been speaking? § action taking place before a certain time in the past § sometimes interchangeable with past perfect simple § putting emphasis on the duration or course of an action for, since, the whole day, all day Future I Simple A: He will speak. N: He will not speak. Q: Will he speak? § action in the future that cannot be influenced § spontaneous decision § assumption with regard to the future in a year, next …, tomorrow If-Satz Typ I (If you ask her, she will help you.) assumption: I think, probably, we might …, perhaps Future I Simple (going to) A: He is going to speak. N: He is not going to speak. Q: Is he going to speak? § decision made for the future § conclusion with regard to the future in one year, next week, tomorrow Future I Progressive A: He will be speaking. N: He will not be speaking. Q: Will he be speaking? § action that is going on at a certain time in the future § action that is sure to happen in the near future in one year, next week, tomorrow Future II Simple A: He will have spoken. N: He will not have spoken. Q: Will he have spoken? § action that will be finished at a certain time in the future by Monday, in a week Regards, Gunjan
Thanks Nelson, well those were the rules only ...with some examples. i am preparing detailed tutorials as well and will put them on site shortly. A brief overview on Tenses is given below: What are tenses? Tenses are used to indicate time. There are 3 main classifications of Tenses which are sub-classified into four categories: Present Tense Past Tense Future Tense Simple Present Simple Past Simple Future Simple Present Continuous Simple Past Continuous Simple Future Continuous Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Future Perfect Continuous At times “continuous tense” is also understood as “progressive”. Present tense is the stem of the infinitive—to SEE, to USE, to DRIVE, etc. Past tense is usually formed by adding -ed or -en to the verb or by changing a vowel inside the verb—SAW, USED, DRIVEN, etc. Future tense is formed by adding "will" or "shall" to the verb stem—we SHALL see, you WILL use, he WILL drive, etc. Perfect tense is formed by adding "have" or "has" to the past participle of the verb—I HAVE seen, he HAS used, you HAVE driven, etc. Past Perfect tense is formed by adding "had" to the past participle of the verb—I HAD seen, he HAD used, you HAD driven, etc. Future Perfect tense is formed by adding "shall have" or "will have" to the past participle of the verb—I SHALL HAVE seen, you WILL HAVE used, he WILL HAVE driven, etc. Table of English Tenses tense Affirmative/Negative/Question Use Signal Words A: He speaks. N: He does not speak. Q: Does he speak? § action in the present taking place once, never or several times § facts § actions taking place one after another § action set by a timetable or schedule always, every …, never, normally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually if sentences type I (If I talk, …) Present Progressive A: He is speaking. N: He is not speaking. Q: Is he speaking? § action taking place in the moment of speaking § action taking place only for a limited period of time § action arranged for the future at the moment, just, just now, Listen!, Look!, now, right now Simple Past A: He spoke. N: He did not speak. Q: Did he speak? § action in the past taking place once, never or several times § actions taking place one after another § action taking place in the middle of another action yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1990, the other day, last Friday if sentence type II (If I talked, …) Past Progressive A: He was speaking. N: He was not speaking. Q: Was he speaking? § action going on at a certain time in the past § actions taking place at the same time § action in the past that is interrupted by another action when, while, as long as Present Perfect Simple A: He has spoken. N: He has not spoken. Q: Has he spoken? § putting emphasis on the result § action that is still going on § action that stopped recently § finished action that has an influence on the present § action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now Present Perfect Progressive A: He has been speaking. N: He has not been speaking. Q: Has he been speaking? § putting emphasis on the course or duration (not the result) § action that recently stopped or is still going on § finished action that influenced the present all day, for 4 years, since 1993, how long?, the whole week Past Perfect Simple A: He had spoken. N: He had not spoken. Q: Had he spoken? § action taking place before a certain time in the past § sometimes interchangeable with past perfect progressive § putting emphasis only on the fact (not the duration) already, just, never, not yet, once, until that day if sentence type III (If I had talked, …) Past Perfect Progressive A: He had been speaking. N: He had not been speaking. Q: Had he been speaking? § action taking place before a certain time in the past § sometimes interchangeable with past perfect simple § putting emphasis on the duration or course of an action for, since, the whole day, all day Future I Simple A: He will speak. N: He will not speak. Q: Will he speak? § action in the future that cannot be influenced § spontaneous decision § assumption with regard to the future in a year, next …, tomorrow If-Satz Typ I (If you ask her, she will help you.) assumption: I think, probably, we might …, perhaps Future I Simple (going to) A: He is going to speak. N: He is not going to speak. Q: Is he going to speak? § decision made for the future § conclusion with regard to the future in one year, next week, tomorrow Future I Progressive A: He will be speaking. N: He will not be speaking. Q: Will he be speaking? § action that is going on at a certain time in the future § action that is sure to happen in the near future in one year, next week, tomorrow Future II Simple A: He will have spoken. N: He will not have spoken. Q: Will he have spoken? § action that will be finished at a certain time in the future by Monday, in a week Regards, Gunjan Found This Useful? +Vote Up This Page Via Google. Why Vote? User validation is extremely important for good content to prosper. | 5825 views6 replies Knowledgebase Categories |
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