Hi,
If you want to go for PhD, first of all search for some good universities and then llok out for topic that you want to do the research on.
Most of the universities offer PhD, generally it is a non residential and you can do this while you are working.
In case you are not working then you get some scholarship somewhere around 10 k - 14 k depending upon institutes.
I'm doing my Phd from IIT Delhi, you can also try from IIT Mumbai, there Management department is very well established.
Many other institutes also offer these programs, but they call it Fellowship program which is equivalent to PhD but not a degree.
Synopsis are made once you decide the topic, synopsis are designed with the help of a Guide, which is generally from the university or institute.
Submission of synopsis take anything from 3-6months, once they are approved and your viva is done you are enrolled as a student.
Now your research work start (hard work really speaking) in consultation with your guide. The maximumtime period to submit your thesis is 7 years and minimum it should be of 2 and a half year.
So now you are a doctorate.
If you have any doubts or queries please feel free to contact.
Cheers
Archna